Usefulness

• Research can be considered useful if it:

  • allows for practical applications to be developed to improve society
  • can predict behaviour (deterministic)
  • scientific - can establish C+E
• Practical application studies from the social approach

  
• Research has limited usefulness if it:

  • has limited generalisability due to restricted samples
  • reductionist so ignores other reasons for behaviour
  • SS + stigmatises people for things they can't control
  • deterministic - cannot do anything to change behv (people give up)