Crude oil and hydrocarbons

• Crude oil is a finite resource, meaning it will eventually run out if overused.
• Crude oil is a mixture of molecules called hydrocarbons.
• What is crude oil primarily used to produce?

  Plastics, petrol, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics
• Crude oil is formed from the remains of tiny sea creatures called plankton.

  True
• What is the chemical formula of methane?

  CH4
• Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• Methane consists of one carbon atom covalently bonded to four hydrogen atoms.

  True
• Hydrocarbons like methane and ethane are called alkanes.

  True
• What is the chemical formula of ethane?

  C2H6
• The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.
• How many hydrogen atoms are in propane (C3H8)?

  8
• Butane (C4H10) contains 10 hydrogen atoms.
• To calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane, multiply the number of carbon atoms by 2 and then add 2.

  True
• Why are alkanes referred to as saturated molecules?

  Carbon atoms are fully bonded
• You need to memorize the structures of methane, ethane, propane, and butane for your exam.

  True
• As the boiling point of hydrocarbons increases, the viscosity of the molecules also increases
• What happens to the flammability of hydrocarbons as the molecule size increases?

  Decreases
• Hydrocarbons release energy when combusted.

  True
• During combustion, carbon and hydrogen atoms in the fuel react with oxygen
• What does combustion refer to in chemistry?

  Burning
• Complete combustion occurs when there is unlimited oxygen available.

  True
• To balance a chemical equation, you must adjust the coefficients
• What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• Steps to balance the combustion equation for methane:

  1️⃣ Balance the carbon atoms

  2️⃣ Balance the hydrogen atoms

  3️⃣ Balance the oxygen atoms
• What coefficient is placed in front of water to balance the hydrogen atoms in the complete combustion of methane?

  2
• To balance the oxygen atoms in the complete combustion of methane, you place a 2 in front of the O_2</latex>
• When balancing combustion equations, you must always balance the oxygen atoms last.

  True
• In the complete combustion of propane, the coefficient in front of water is 4
• How many oxygen atoms are required on the left-hand side to balance the complete combustion of propane ($C_{3}H_{8}$)?


  10