Carbohydrates

• Plant cell wall: Cellulose
• Fungi cell wall: Chitin
• Bacteria cell wall: Peptidoglycan
• ratio of C:H:O in monosaccharides is 1:2:1
• where is glucose found?

  blood
• where is galactose found?

  Milk
• where is fructose found?

  fruits
• where is ribose found?

  RNA
• where is deoxyribose found?

  DNA
• maltose

  disaccharide
• sucrose

  disaccharide
• lactose

  disaccharide
• glucose


  monosaccharide
• galactose

  monosaccharide
• fructose

  monosaccharide
• ribose


  monosaccharide
• deoxyribose

  monosaccharide
• glucose + fructose


  sucrose
• glucose + glucose

  maltose
• glucose + galactose

  lactose
• glycogen


  energy storage polysaccharide
• starch

  energy storage polysaccharide
• starch is found in plants
• glycogen is found in animal liver and muscle
• cellulose

  structural polysaccharide
• peptidoglycan

  structural polysaccharide
• chitin

  structural polysaccharide
• chitin

  Fungi cell wall

  Exoskeleton of crabs, lobster, crayfish
• peptidoglycan


  bacteria cell wall
• cellulose


  plant cell wall
• cellulose is made of beta glucoses
• OH is down on Carbon-4: Glucose
• Glucose and Galactose's structural formulas are hexagon shaped
• Fructose's structural formula is a Pentagon shape
• aldehyde


  end of molecule
• ketone


  middle of molecule
• *Glucose, fructose, galactose* and *sucrose, lactose, maltose* are isomers
• Ribose and Deoxyribose are monosaccharides with 5 carbons
• The formula for disaccharide is C12H22O11
• sucrose is known as table sugar