science

• What is the smallest unit found in an organism?

  Cell
• What are living organisms made of?

  Cells
• How do you observe very small objects?

  Using a microscope
• Who first observed cells under a microscope?

  Robert Hooke
• What did Robert Hooke observe in cork?

  Tiny room-like structures
• What is the purpose of a microscope?

  To magnify small objects
• What is required to make an observation with a microscope?

  The object must be very thin
• What is added to objects to make them easier to see under a microscope?

  Coloured dye
• What part of a microscope holds the slides?

  Stage
• What is the function of the eyepiece lens in a microscope?

  To magnify the image
• How do you calculate total magnification in a microscope?

  Eyepiece magnification x objective magnification
• If the eyepiece lens is x10 and the objective lens is x40, what is the total magnification?

  $400$
• What are the main components of an animal cell?

  Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria
• What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

  Controls the cell and contains genetic material
• Where do chemical reactions take place in a cell?

  Cytoplasm
• What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

  Where respiration takes place
• What additional components do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

  Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
• What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Where photosynthesis happens
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Strengthens the cell and provides support
• What is the watery liquid inside a vacuole called?

  Cell sap
• How do nerve cells transmit messages?

  By carrying electrical impulses
• What is a key feature of red blood cells?

  They have no nucleus
• What is the role of haemoglobin in red blood cells?

  Joins to oxygen for transport
• How do the shapes of specialized cells relate to their functions?

  Shapes provide clues about their jobs
• What do sperm cells carry?

  Male genetic material
• How do sperm cells move through liquids?

  They have a streamlined head and long tail
• Why do sperm cells contain many mitochondria?

  To transfer energy for swimming
• What happens when a sperm cell meets an egg cell?

  The head of the sperm burrows into the egg
• What is the function of leaf cells?

  To carry out photosynthesis
• What adaptations do leaf cells have for photosynthesis?

  They are long, thin, and packed with chloroplasts
• What is the scientific name for a leaf cell found at the top of a leaf?

  Palisade cell
• What is the function of root hair cells?

  To absorb water and nutrients from soil
• How do root hair cells adapt to absorb water and nutrients?

  They create a large surface area
• Why do root hair cells not have chloroplasts?

  There is no light underground
• What are the adaptations of leaf cells and root hair cells?

  Leaf cells:

  • Long and thin
  • Packed with chloroplasts

  
  

  Root hair cells:

  • Large surface area
  • No chloroplasts
• What do specialized cells have that allow them to perform their function?

  Special adaptations
• What do red blood cells carry around the body?

  Oxygen
• What is the process of diffusion?

  Movement of particles from high to low concentration
• What happens to the smell of burnt toast in a house?

  It diffuses from high to low concentration
• What gas moves into body cells?

  Oxygen