Animal health

• The Diploma in Environmental and Marine Science is a module offered by the School of Applied Science.
• The module is titled "Animal Health and Nutrition" and is taught by Pong Yoke Fong.
• The module is approved by Dr. Laura Yap and is chaired by Marie Tan.
• Measure out feed rations for shrimps according to feeding tables
• Perform water durability test for created pellet
• Measure weight and total body length of shrimps
• Calculate feeding rations based on feeding tables
• Describe tests used to determine pellet quality
• The problem for the 6th presentation is "Factors affecting feed performance".
• Mr. Philips has been feeding his shrimps in his farm with his self-made pellets.
• The shrimps in Mr. Philips' farm are cannibalizing each other and not growing.
• Mr. Philips' friend recommended him to try using commercial sinking pellet.
• The shrimps started growing after Mr. Philips changed to using commercial sinking pellet.
• Mr. Philips sent his pellets for lab testing to discover the issues with his shrimp feeds.
• There are some problems with Mr. Philips' self-made feeds.
• The shrimps didn't get to eat the feeds even though Mr. Philips fed them regularly.
• Commercial feeds are better received by the shrimps.
• More lab tests are required to discover the issues with Mr. Philips's shrimp feeds.
• Assuming that the feeds are formulated correctly, perform the Assessment of feeds quality by carrying out tests such as water stability.
• Hydrostability is important because pellets must maintain their physical integrity long enough for the animals to detect and consume them.
• Pellet hydrostability is compromised when the pellets are not water-stable, leading to wasted feed, increased organic loading of ponds and effluents, highly ineffective feed conversions, and reduced profitability.
• Different species react differently to pellet feedings, with many finfishes such as trout and catfish being instant feeders.
• The manipulation of feed particles by the animals during feeding negatively impacts feed stability.
• The presence of spiny appendages ( Chaetoceros sp

  ) may affect the acceptance of feed.
• Adding small quantities of food a number of times per day optimises water quality and maximises the food available to the fish and larvae.
• Such diatoms cannot be captured and ingested by the ciliated feeding structures of bivalve larvae.
• Measurement of weight and total body length of shrimps is necessary.
• Chemoattractants are substances that stimulate the desire to consume in aquaculture, and a mixture of free amino acids is more effective than individual amino acids in phagostimulation.
• Water stability of the prepared feeds is crucial, and assessment of water stability is necessary.
• A good binder can be used for the preparation of feeds such as starch gelatinization.
• Amino acids that naturally emanate from live food organisms have been used to enhance carnivorous fish larval feeding response and may be incorporated into artificial diets to improve attractability.
• A good formulation for the feeds should have a balance of nutrients and energy level for the shrimps/fishes.
• Artificial diet particles must maintain integrity in aqueous suspension and nutrient leaching must be minimal.
• Shrimp larvae have a complete set of setal mouthparts adapted to feeding on chain diatoms.
• Glycine Betaine ( Trimethylglycine ), an organic osmolyte, can also be found naturally.
• The use of chemoattractants in formulated feeds can enhance feed intake and growth, increase survival, shorten production intervals, and reduce wastage of feeds that also fouls the water.
• Measurement of moisture content and water stability of the feed is important.
• Spiny chain diatoms, mouthparts of L

  vannamei, and other factors influencing acceptance and consumption of feeds are important considerations in aquaculture.
• Water stability, composition, density and supplementation are key physical characteristics of aquatic animal feeds.
• Feed samples are agitated in Erlenmeyer flask shaker to simulate the degenerative effects of water on feed pellets.