Basic Nursing Skills

• the higher the metabolism, the __ heat is produced?

  more
• agents that cause fever?

  pyrogens
• rate at which heat is produced when body is at rest?

  basal metabolic rate
• the BMR depends on a persons?

  body surface area
• the basal metabolic rate is affected by which hormone?

  thyroid
• what other hormones affect the BMR?

  epinephrine, norepinephrine, testosterone
• because of their increased levels of testosterone, men usually have a __ BMR?

  higher
• voluntary muscle movement has what effect on BMR & heat production?

  increase
• what increases the bodies heat production x5?

  shivering
• the thermostat that controls body temp by feedback mechanisms?

  hypothalamus
• as the body heat rises, the hypothalamus sends signals for the body to do what (3) things?

  vasodilation, sweating, inhibition heat production
• as the body temperature drops, the hypothalamus sends signal to the body to do what?

  vasoconstriction, shivering
• (4) ways that heat is lost?

  radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation
• what kind of heat movement is done by air movement?

  convection
• heat loss is increased when your skin is __ through __?

  moist, condensation
• how much water is released from your lungs/skin daily?

  800 ml
• another word for fever?

  pyrexia
• what kind of respiration occurs when o2 is released from hemoglobin until it reaches the lungs & then it is released as co2?

  internal
• which lung as 3 lobes?

  right
• which lung has 2 lobes?

  left
• what draws air into the lungs during inspiration?

  negative pressure
• what is secreted by the cell walls of the alveoli & reduces surface tension?

  surfactant
• where is breathing controlled in the brain?

  pons/medulla
• pressure exerted on the arterial wall?

  blood pressure
• what is the max pressure exerted on the artery wall during L ventricular contaction?

  systolic bp
• as stroke volume increases, BP does what?

  increase
• with vasoconstriction, the heart rate & bp do what?

  increase
• with vasodialation, BP & HR do what?

  decrease
• as blood volume increases, BP does what?

  increase
• as people age, their temp becomes __?

  less reliable
• as people age, ___ is lost faster, making them more likely to develop __?

  heat, hypothermia
• as people age what happens to their respirations?

  increase
• as people age why does the systolic BP rise?

  lose elasticity
• normal body temp range?

  97.5-99.5
• what temp is usually 1 degree higher than oral?

  rectal
• what temp is usually 1 degree lower than oral?

  axillary
• what color is the rectal probe?

  red
• what position is the rectal temp taken in?

  modified L lateral recumbent
• what is the most accurate noninvasive way to measure temp?

  temporal artery
• a tympanic thermometer measures what temp?

  core body