The learning approach: SLT

• What is the main focus of Social Learning Theory?

  Imitation of behaviors through observation
• Who are individuals more likely to imitate according to Social Learning Theory?

  People they identify with
• What characteristics make someone a role model?

  Similar characteristics, attractiveness, high status
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Learning through observing others' reinforcement
• How does observing reinforcement affect imitation?

  It motivates the observer to imitate
• Who is associated with Classical Conditioning?

  Pavlov
• Who is associated with Operant Conditioning?

  Skinner
• Who is associated with Social Learning Theory?

  Bandura
• What is the difference between SLT and Classical Conditioning?

  SLT involves observing others' behaviors
• What are the three types of learning mentioned?

  Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, SLT
• What are mediational processes in SLT?

  Cognitive processes that influence imitation
• What are the four mediational processes in Social Learning Theory?

  • Attention: Must pay attention to the behavior
  • Retention: Must remember the behavior
  • Motor reproduction: Must have physical capability
  • Motivation: Expectation of positive reinforcement
• Why must a child pay attention to aggression?

  To model the aggressive behavior effectively
• What is required for a child to retain observed aggression?

  It needs to be placed into long-term memory
• What does motor reproduction refer to in SLT?

  The ability to physically reproduce the behavior
• What motivates an individual to imitate a behavior?

  Expectation of positive reinforcement
• How does identification with a model influence aggression?

  It increases the likelihood of modeling aggression
• What is the role of high status in modeling behavior?

  High status models are more likely to be imitated
• How does vicarious reinforcement affect the learning of aggression?

  It encourages imitation of aggressive behaviors
• What are the key factors influencing imitation in Social Learning Theory?

  • Attention: Focus on the behavior
  • Retention: Ability to remember the behavior
  • Motor reproduction: Capability to perform the behavior
  • Motivation: Expectation of reinforcement
• Who proposed the social learning theory?

  Albert Bandura
• What does social learning theory emphasize about learning?

  Learning occurs through observation and imitation
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Learning from observing consequences of others' behavior
• How do behaviors that are reinforced differ from those that are punished?

  Reinforced behaviors are more likely to be copied
• What are the four mediational processes in learning according to Bandura?

  Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation
• How do the first two mediational processes relate to learning behavior?

  They link to the learning of behavior
• How do the last two mediational processes relate to behavior?

  They link to the performance of behavior
• What is the significance of role models in social learning theory?

  Children imitate behaviors of those they identify with
• What characteristics make role models more likely to be imitated?

  Similarity, attractiveness, and high status
• What was the focus of Bandura's first research study?

  Children observing aggressive and non-aggressive adults
• What behavior did children exhibit after observing aggression towards a doll?

  They acted more aggressively towards the doll
• What were the three conditions in Bandura's second research study?

  Rewarded, punished, and no consequence
• How did children respond to aggression that was rewarded in Bandura's study?

  They were more aggressive towards the doll
• What is the implication of vicarious reinforcement in children's behavior?

  Children imitate behaviors that are rewarded
• What are the strengths of social learning theory (SLT)?

  • Accounts for natural differences in behavior
  • Useful for understanding a range of behaviors
  • Explains children's imitation of role models
• What are the limitations of social learning theory (SLT)?

  • Heavily relies on controlled studies
  • May not accurately reflect real-life behavior
  • Underestimates biological factors in aggression
• How does SLT differ from biological approaches in explaining behavior?

  SLT considers social context, while biology focuses on genetics
• What did Bandura's research suggest about boys and aggression?

  Boys were more aggressive due to testosterone
• How might Bandura have underestimated biological factors in aggression?

  By not considering hormonal influences like testosterone