AnaPhy Lec

• Human body is the physical substance of the human organism
• Gross anatomy is the study of large body structures
• Microscopic Anatomy: The study of the structure of cells and tissues at a microscopic level.
• Developmental Anatomy is the study of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures that involve the use of radiographic techniques
• Regional Gross Anatomy includes all structures in one part of the body
• Systemic Gross anatomy is where gross anatomy is studies through systems
• Surface Gross anatomy is the study of internal structure as they relate to the overlying skin
• Embryology is the development of changes of the body before birth
• pathological anatomy is the study of structural changrs caused by disease
• radiographic anatomy is the study of internal structures visualized by x-ray
• molecular biology is the study of anatomical structures at a sub-cellular level
• Chemical- atoms combined to form molecules
• Cellular- cells are made of molecules
• Tissue= consists of similar types of cells
• Organ-made up of different types of tissues
• Organ system- consists of different organs that work closely together
• Organismal- made up of the organ systems.
• Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world.
• the internal environment of the body is in a dynamic state of equilibrium.
• Homeostatic feedback: Sensor (Receptor), Controller (Command), Effector (Response)
• Homeostatic imbalance is the disturbance of homeostasis or the body's normal equilibrium
• positive feedback and negative feedback are the two types of mechanisms
• Anatomical position : Body erect, Feet slightly apart, Palms facing forward, Thumbs point away from the body.
• Reclining Position: Prone and Supine
• Prone is when the body is lying face down
• Supine is when the body is lying face up
• Superior/Cranial: indicates a structure nearer or toward the head
• Inferior/Caudal: Indicated a structure farther away from the head
• Anterior /Ventral: toward the front or belly-side of the body
• Posterior/dorsal: toward the back of the body
• Medial: toward thr midline
• Lateral: away from the midline or toward the side
• Proximal: nearer the point of origin or the attachment of a limb to the truck
• Distal: away from the point of origin or attachment of a limb to the trunk
• Superficial/external: toward or near the body surface
• Deep/internal: away from the body surface
• Central: refers to the principal part
• Peripheral: away from the central or principal.
• Parietal: refers to the walls of a cavity
• Visceral: refers to the organs inside a cavity