reproduction

• what is asexual reproduction?

  a single organism that makes a copy of itself with the exact same genetic code
• how does asexual reproduction only need one parent?

  There is no fusion of gametes so genetic material doesnt mix which means the offspring produced through this process are genetically identical clones to the parent
• 2 examples of organisms that use asexual reproduction

  bacteria, some plants- strawberries
• what process does asexual reproduction use?

  mitosis
• what does mitosis do?

  creates the identical copies of the parent cells
• what are the stages of mitosis in order?

  Interphase- DNA replication

  Prophase-nuclear membrane breaks down

  Metaphase-chromosomes were in the middle

  Anaphase-chromosomes pulled apart

  Telophase-two new nuclei

  Cytokinesis-cell splits into two
• What is mitosis used for?

  growth, repair to damaged tissue, replacement of worn out cells
• How many parents are needed for sexual reproduction?

  2
• What is the process of fertilization?

  the nuclei of the male and female gametes are fused in order to create a zygote
• what do gametes contain?

  half the number of chromosomes in each- haploid
• What happens when the male and female gametes combine?

  they create the full complement of chromosomes- diploid
• What are the offspring produced in sexual reproduction like?

  genetically different to each other and their parents
• what does sexual reproduction result in?

  variation as it involves the mixing of genetic information
• what process does sexual reproduction use?

  meiosis, which creates gametes
• where does meiosis happen?

  male and female reproductive organs
• what happens as a cell divides to form gametes?

  copies of genetic information is made, the cell divides twice to form gametes, all gametes are genetically different from each other
• what is fertilization?

  it is the fusion of the nucleus of a male gamete with the nucleus of a female gemete
• what does a zygote do?

  it will mature into an embryo
• what happens as the embryo develops?

  the cell begins to differentiate- specialize
• what is DNA?

  a polymer which is a large and complex molecule made up of two strands forming a twisted ladder structure called a double helix. It carries the genetic code which determines the characteristics of a living organism
• What are chromosomes?

  In the cell's nucleus and are long threads of DNA which are made up of many genes
• What are genes?

  is a small section of DNA in a chromosome and each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids in order to make a specific protein