twentieth century medicine

• Magic bullet


  Chemical targeting specific germs without harming tissues.
• Louis Pasteur


  Scientist known for germ theory of disease.
• Robert Koch


  Pioneer in identifying specific bacteria causing diseases.
• Paul Ehrlich


  Developed the concept of magic bullets for treatment.
• Sahachiro Hata


  Ehrlich's assistant who discovered Salvarsan 606.
• Salvarsan 606


  First magic bullet effective against syphilis infection.
• Prontosil


  Second magic bullet discovered by Gerhard Domagk.
• Streptococcal bacteria


  Bacteria causing life-threatening infections, targeted by Prontosil.
• Penicillin


  First antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming.
• Alexander Fleming


  Doctor who discovered Penicillium fungi's antibacterial properties.
• Howard Florey


  Researcher who purified penicillin for medical use.
• Ernst Chain


  Collaborated with Florey to mass-produce penicillin.
• Albert Alexander


  First human treated with penicillin; died due to shortage.
• World War Two


  Period that accelerated penicillin mass production efforts.
• DNA structure


  Double helix discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953.
• Rosalind Franklin


  Used X-rays to image DNA, aiding structure discovery.
• In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

  Technique leading to first test-tube baby in 1978.
• HPV vaccine


  Developed to reduce cancer risk in young people.
• Mainstream medicine


  Treatment provided by trained healthcare professionals.
• Alternative medicine


  Non-mainstream treatments lacking scientific evidence.
• Acupuncture


  Needle therapy for pain relief and health improvement.
• Yoga


  Exercise promoting mental health and physical flexibility.
• Hypnotherapy


  Therapy using relaxation for mental health support.
• Herbal remedies


  Use of herbs for various medical issues.
• Antibiotic resistance


  Bacteria's ability to withstand antibiotic treatment.
• MRSA


  Superbug resistant to many antibiotics, causing health concerns.
• Superbugs


  Bacteria resistant to antibiotics, complicating treatments.
• Antibiotic overuse


  Excessive use contributing to antibiotic resistance.
• Farming antibiotics


  Use of antibiotics in livestock, impacting resistance.
• Research on new antibiotics


  Efforts to combat rising antibiotic resistance.