Chemistry transition metals

• What is a transition element?

  An element with a partially full d-shell
• Where are transition metals located in the periodic table?

  In the middle, part of the d-block
• What are some characteristic physical properties of transition metals?

  They are metallic, strong, and good conductors
• What are some uses of iron?

  Vehicle bodies and reinforcing concrete
• What are some uses of titanium?

  Jet engine parts
• What are some uses of copper?

  Water pipes
• What are the characteristic chemical properties of transition metals?

  Variable oxidation states and colored compounds
• What is a complex ion?

  Central metal ion surrounded by ligands
• Name a transition metal catalyst and its process.

  Iron - Haber process
• Which electrons do transition metals lose first when forming ions?

  4s electrons
• What is a ligand?

  An ion or molecule that donates electrons
• What are mono/unidentate ligands?

  Ligands that form one co-ordinate bond
• What is a bidentate ligand?

  A ligand that forms two co-ordinate bonds
• What is a multidentate ligand?

  A ligand that forms three or more bonds
• How many co-ordinate bonds can ethanedioate form?

  2 co-ordinate bonds
• Where are transition metals located in the periodic table?

  In the middle, part of the d-block
• What are some characteristic physical properties of transition metals?

  Metallic, good conductors, hard, strong, shiny
• How many co-ordinate bonds does EDTA4- form?

  Six co-ordinate bonds
• What are some uses of iron?

  Vehicle bodies, to reinforce concrete
• What is coordination number?

  Number of co-ordinate bonds formed
• What is the Chelate effect?

  Multidentate ligands are favored over monodentate
• Explain the Chelate effect in terms of entropy.

  Increased molecules lead to higher entropy
• What ion is formed when a transition metal compound is dissolved in water?

  Aqua ion with 6 H2O ligands
• What shape does a transition metal ion with 2 ligands usually have?

  Linear shape
• What shape does a transition metal ion with 4 ligands usually have?

  Tetrahedral shape
• What is a complex ion?

  Central metal ion surrounded by ligands
• What is an exception to the tetrahedral shape rule for 4 ligands?

  Platinum forms a square planar shape
• What shape does a complex ion with 6 ligands have?

  Octahedral shape
• How can complex ions display E-Z or cis-trans isomerism?

  Ligands arranged differently around the metal
• What is a ligand?

  An ion or molecule donating lone pair electrons
• What conditions are needed for optical isomerism in complex ions?

  Octahedral with 2 or more bidentate ligands
• What are mono/unidentate ligands?

  Ligands forming one co-ordinate bond
• What happens to Co2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ coordination numbers when Cl- ligands replace NH3 or H2O?

  Coordination number decreases from 4 to 6
• What is haem and its metal ion?

  Haem has an Fe2+ central metal ion
• How does haemoglobin transport oxygen?

  O2 forms a weak bond to the metal ion
• How many co-ordinate bonds can ethanedioate form?

  2 co-ordinate bonds
• How many co-ordinate bonds can benzene-1,2-diol form?


  2 co-ordinate bonds
• How many co-ordinate bonds does EDTA4- form?

  Six co-ordinate bonds
• What ligands can replace NH3 or H2O?

  Cl- can replace NH3 or H2O
• What ion is formed when a transition metal compound is dissolved in water?

  Aqua ion with octahedral shape