Anatomy Lecture 2

• epithelial tissue- tightly bound cells, lining; in digestive track, kidney; protection, selective absorption
• leaky gut syndrome

  leaking of nutrients through gaps in lining
• connective tissue- support and structure
• muscular tissue

  contract and movement
• neural tissue- conducts electrical impulses
• classification of connective tissue

  • connective tissue proper- fibrous matrix
  • fluid connective tissue- liquid matrix
  • supporting connective tissue- specific matrix
• functions of connective tissue

  • establishing the structural framework of the body- bones and skeleton
  • transporting fluid and dissolved materials
  • protecting organs- provide outer coating
  • supporting, surrounding and connecting other tissues
  • storing energy
  • defending the body from microorganisms
• connective tissue proper

  • loose- fibers create loose, open framework; areolar, adipose, reticular tissue
  • dense- fibers are densely packed; dense regular and irregular, elastic
• areolar tissue

  • not rigid, movement some
• adipose tissue

  • fibrous matrix
  • white- energy strong
  • brown- vascularized(blood supply); in infant and young children
  • insulation function
• hypodermis- fat layer between skin and muscles
• reticular tissue

  support framework; scaffolding; liver, spleen, kidney, bone marrow
• dense regular connective tissue

  • densely packed fibers; fibrous matrix; strong tissue; in ligaments (soft organs to e/o internally)
  • in tendons- connect muscle to bone
• elastic tissue

  • very dense, but more elastic than dense reg.
• aponeurosis

  • broad sheet like tendon; top of head, palm
• dense irreg. connective tissue

  • around organs, dermis, glands; outer layer of bones and cartalidge
• fluid connective tissue

  • blood- location: cardiovascular sys.
  • lymph- location: lymphatic sys.
• • provide a strong framework that supports rest of body
  • cartilage: made of chondrocytes
  • avascular, doesn't heal well
  • gel matrix
  • prtn in matrix- chondroitin sulfate
  • bone: made of osteocytes
• 3 types of cartilage

  1. hyaline- btwn ribs and sternum; in larynx, trachea, joints, newbon
  2. support-flexible, reduce friction
  3. 2. elastic- in external flap of ear (auricle); auditory canal, epiglottis
  4. 3. fibrous- intervertebral disc, resist compression, very strong
• 2 types of bone: compact and spongy- trabecular or cancellous bone
• osteon- funct. unit of compact bone
• connective tissue framework of the body

  • connective tissue creates the internal framework of the body
  • layers of connective tissue that connect organs w/ the rest of the body- fascia
  • superficial fascia
  • deep fascia
  • subserous fascia
• myofascia- muscle connective tissue

  myofascial pain syndrome- chronic pain disorder

  • pressure on sensitive points in muscle triggers pain in unrelated body parts
  • referred pain
• superficial fascia

  • btwn skin and underlying organs
  • areolar tissue and adipose tissue
  • also called subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
• deep fascia

  • forms strong, fibrous internal framework
  • dense irreg. CT
  • bound to capsules, tendons, ligaments
• Subserous fascia

  • btwn serous membranes and deep fascia
  • areolar tissue
• Tissues and aging

  • repair and maintenance becomes less efficient as one ages
  • hormonal changes and lifestyle changes also affect the functioning of tissues
  • connective tissues become fragile
  • a reduction in bone strength; osteoporosis: breaking at older age