6.1.4 Genetic Inheritance

• Genes are specific segments of DNA
• The genotype is the genetic makeup
• Match the term with its example:

  Genotype ↔️ Bb for brown eyes

  Phenotype ↔️ Brown eyes
• A recessive allele is only expressed when paired with another recessive allele.

  True
• Homozygous means having two identical alleles
• Steps to use a Punnett square

  1️⃣ Identify the genotypes of the two parent organisms

  2️⃣ Create a grid with possible gametes

  3️⃣ Combine gametes to show offspring genotypes
• A Punnett square predicts the exact number of offspring with a specific genotype.

  False
• Steps to set up and use a Punnett square

  1️⃣ Identify the genotypes of the two parent organisms

  2️⃣ Create a grid with the possible gametes from each parent

  3️⃣ Fill in the grid by combining the gametes
• Alleles are different forms of a gene
• The genotype refers to an organism's genetic makeup
• Match the term with its definition:

  Genotype ↔️ Genetic makeup

  Phenotype ↔️ Observable characteristics

  Components of genotype ↔️ Combination of alleles

  Components of phenotype ↔️ Physical traits, behavior
• A recessive allele only expresses its trait when paired with another recessive allele.

  True
• Mendelian inheritance is based on three key principles
• Alleles are different forms of a gene.

  True
• The phenotype is influenced by both the genotype and the environment.


  True
• A dominant allele expresses its trait even when paired with a recessive
• Match the allele type with its effect:

  Dominant ↔️ Covers the effect of recessive allele

  Recessive ↔️ Effect masked by dominant allele
• Heterozygous individuals have two different alleles for a gene.

  True
• For a cross between two heterozygous parents (Bb x Bb), the possible offspring genotypes are BB, Bb, and bb
• A Punnett square is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
• Combining gametes in a Punnett square shows all possible offspring genotypes.


  True
• Match the characteristic with the correct item:

  Location of genes ↔️ On chromosomes

  Location of alleles ↔️ At the same locus on chromosomes

  Function of genes ↔️ Determine traits

  Function of alleles ↔️ Contribute to trait variations
• The phenotype results from the genotype and environmental factors.


  True
• A dominant allele expresses its trait even when paired with a recessive
• Match the term with its characteristic:

  Homozygous ↔️ Two identical alleles

  Heterozygous ↔️ Two different alleles

  Genotype of homozygous ↔️ AA or aa

  Genotype of heterozygous ↔️ Aa
• Independent assortment occurs when genes are located on separate chromosomes.

  True