6.2.2 Evolution

• Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common based on their relative fitness
• Variation within a population is essential for evolution through natural selection to occur.


  True
• What is an adaptation in evolutionary terms?

  A trait for survival
• Alfred Wallace independently formulated a theory of natural selection similar to Darwin's
• Match the scientist with their contribution to evolutionary theory:

  Charles Darwin ↔️ Natural selection

  Alfred Wallace ↔️ Corroborating evidence
• Both Darwin and Wallace recognized that evolution occurs through the gradual change in the characteristics of a population
• Adaptations are characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
• What evidence did Alfred Wallace provide to support Darwin's theory of evolution?

  Corroborating evidence
• Arrange the steps of natural selection in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Variation within a population

  2️⃣ Inheritance of traits

  3️⃣ Competition for resources

  4️⃣ Differential survival

  5️⃣ Evolution
• Individuals with traits that provide an advantage are more likely to survive and reproduce
• What are the four main mechanisms of evolution?

  Mutation, migration, genetic drift, gene flow
• Changes in DNA sequence that introduce new genetic variations are called mutations
• What is natural selection based on?

  Relative fitness
• Variation within a population is essential for evolution through natural selection


  True
• Match the scientist with their contribution to the theory of evolution:

  Charles Darwin ↔️ Proposed natural selection

  Alfred Russel Wallace ↔️ Corroborated natural selection
• Steps of natural selection

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Inheritance

  3️⃣ Competition

  4️⃣ Differential Survival

  5️⃣ Evolution
• Match the evolutionary mechanism with its definition:

  Mutation ↔️ Changes in DNA sequence

  Migration ↔️ Movement of organisms

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Random changes in allele frequencies

  Gene Flow ↔️ Transfer of genetic material
• Bees carrying pollen between flower patches is an example of gene flow
• Homologous structures indicate common ancestry


  True
• Speciation is the process by which new species arise.
• How do human activities like pollution affect evolution?

  Drive adaptive responses
• What is evolution defined as?

  Gradual change in populations
• What is an adaptation in evolutionary terms?

  A trait for survival
• Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common based on their relative fitness
• Individuals with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their traits.

  True
• What contribution did Charles Darwin make to evolutionary theory?

  Developed natural selection
• Darwin and Wallace jointly recognized the importance of natural selection in driving evolution.

  True
• What is the key observation Darwin made about individuals within a population?

  They exhibit variation
• What is natural selection driven by in a population?

  Relative fitness
• Individuals with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and pass on their traits to offspring.


  True
• Natural selection is the primary mechanism driving evolution
• What is the role of variation in natural selection?

  Provides differences in traits
• Over generations, advantageous traits become more common in a population, leading to evolution.

  True
• Match the mechanism of evolution with its definition:

  Mutation ↔️ Changes in DNA sequence

  Migration ↔️ Movement of organisms

  Genetic drift ↔️ Random changes in allele frequencies

  Gene flow ↔️ Transfer of genetic material
• The mechanisms of evolution, alongside natural selection, alter the genetic makeup of populations.


  True
• An adaptation is a characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce
• What caused the peppered moth in England to change from white to dark?

  Industrial pollution
• What process did both Darwin and Wallace recognize as the driver of evolution?

  Natural selection
• How did finches with larger beaks survive during droughts in the Galapagos Islands?

  Cracked larger seeds
• Genetic drift is more significant in small populations


  True