5.4.1 Endocrine system overview

• What is the endocrine system?

  Network of endocrine glands
• The endocrine system has a faster response compared to the nervous system.

  False
• Match the primary organ with its system:

  Endocrine System ↔️ Endocrine glands

  Nervous System ↔️ Brain, spinal cord
• The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck
• Where is the pancreas located?

  Behind the stomach
• Arrange the following essential bodily functions regulated by endocrine hormones in order of their mention:

  1️⃣ Growth

  2️⃣ Metabolism

  3️⃣ Reproduction

  4️⃣ Stress response
• The nervous system responds faster than the endocrine system due to electrical impulses.


  True
• Hormones regulate bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response.

  True
• Where is the pituitary gland located?

  Base of the brain
• What bodily functions do hormones regulate?

  Growth, metabolism, reproduction
• Arrange the following steps in the correct order to describe the function of the thyroid gland:

  1️⃣ The thyroid gland receives signals from the pituitary gland

  2️⃣ The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones

  3️⃣ Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development
• The adrenal glands secrete hormones like adrenaline and cortisol in response to stress
• What hormones do the ovaries produce in females?

  Estrogen and progesterone
• Arrange the following steps in the correct order to describe the production and release of thyroid hormones:

  1️⃣ Iodine and amino acids are used in the thyroid gland

  2️⃣ The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones

  3️⃣ Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released from the pituitary gland

  4️⃣ Thyroid hormones are released into the bloodstream
• The endocrine system uses hormones as chemical messengers to initiate physiological responses.


  True
• The response of the endocrine system is slower compared to the nervous
• What hormones do ovaries produce?

  Estrogen and progesterone
• Match the endocrine gland with its function:

  Pituitary Gland ↔️ Regulates growth and other glands

  Thyroid Gland ↔️ Controls metabolism and growth

  Pancreas ↔️ Controls blood sugar levels

  Adrenal Glands ↔️ Responds to stress
• Hormones are produced in endocrine glands
• What do hormones bind to on target cells?

  Specific receptors
• Steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex, ovaries, and testes


  True
• The hypothalamus secretes hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin
• Describe the steps in a negative feedback loop:

  1️⃣ Hormone levels rise

  2️⃣ Response triggered to reduce hormone production

  3️⃣ Hormone levels return to normal
• What happens when blood calcium levels rise in a negative feedback loop?

  Parathyroid hormone decreases
• Match the type of feedback with an example:

  Negative Feedback ↔️ Thyroid hormones inhibit TSH release

  Positive Feedback ↔️ Oxytocin release during childbirth
• The nervous system uses electrical impulses for communication


  True
• Which system has highly localized target specificity?

  Nervous system
• The endocrine system secretes chemical messengers called hormones
• The duration of effect of the endocrine system is longer
• What are the major glands of the endocrine system?

  Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal
• The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys.


  True
• The ovaries in females are located in the pelvis
• Which endocrine gland is located behind the stomach?

  Pancreas
• Where are the testes located in the male body?

  In the scrotum
• The major glands that make up the endocrine system are collectively called the endocrine
• The parathyroid glands are located behind the thyroid gland.


  True
• The pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it secretes hormones to regulate other endocrine glands
• What do the parathyroid glands regulate in the blood?

  Calcium and phosphate
• The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.


  True
• The testes in males produce the hormone testosterone