anatomy 2 midterm

• other word for posterior?

  dorsal
• other word for anterior?

  ventral
• other word for superior?

  cranial
• other word for inferior?

  caudal
• palmar surface?

  palms
• back of hand?

  dorsum of hand
• top of foot?

  dorsum of foot
• plantar surface?

  sole of foot
• ipsilateral?

  same side of body (e.g. right hand and foot)
• contralateral?

  opposite side of body
• bilateral?

  both sides (e.g. lungs)
• superficial vs deep?

  closer to skin vs. away from skin
• coronal plane?

  front and back
• sagittal plane?

  right and left
• transverse?

  top and bottom
• body axis means?

  point which something rotates around
• sagittal axis?

  frontal plane; front of body to the back
• frontal axis?

  sagittal plane; one side to the other side
• vertical axis?

  transverse plane; longitudinal; lengthwise through the body;
• thoracic cage?

  made up of sternum anteriorly

  provide protection for heart and lungs

  thoracic vertebral column posteriorly

  lateral sides: 12 rib pairs

  top opening is superior thoracic aperture

  bottom is inferior aperture (thoracic outlet): infrasternal angle
• 3 parts of thoracic cage?

  manubrium, body, xiphoid process
• what is the thing on top of sternum?

  jugular notch/suprasternal

  lines with 2nd thoracic vertebral bone
• what is between manubrium/body?

  manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)

  lines where ribs 2 attaches, lines between 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae (upper border where heart sits)
• what is the fusion between body and xiphoid?

  xiphisternal joint

  lines up with 9th thoracic verteberal bone (lower border wher heart sits upon)
• where does the heart sit?

  within thoracic cavity deep within this cage in a space called the mediastinum
• what is mediastinum?

  central cavity of thoracic cavity
• 3 parts of thoracic cavity?

  2 pulmonary cavity and mediastinum
• what are parasternal lines?

  lines running parallel on sternum of both sides
• what are midclavicular lines?

  midpoint of the clavicle and go all the way down

  project into the 5th intercostal space (between 5th and 6th ribs)
• what line does the hearts right side line with?

  right parasternal line and goes down till 6th costal cartilage
• what is the heart doing?

  pumping, distributing blood, collecting deoxygenated blood, then shipping oxygenated blood throughout body in order to circulate oxygen and nutrients
• structure of heart?

  2 atria: right and left; top of heart

  2 ventricles: bottom of heart; right and left

  muscular walls between each chamber

  4 chambers

  inter ventricular septum: between the ventricles

  interratrial septum

  pyramid shape

  apex: peak of heart

  right and left pulmonary surface

  anterior and posterior surface

  inferior surface
• where is right pulmonary surface?

  adjacent to lungs

  mostly atrium
• where is left pulmonary surface?

  left ventricle and a little of atrium
• what is in the anterior surface of heart?

  right atrium and left ventricle
• what is in the posterior surface of heart?

  base, mostly left atrium and bit of right
• inferior surface of heart?

  diaphragmatic surface

  heart sits on top of diaphragm

  mostly left ventricle - going into apex
• great vessels of heart?

  superior vena cava

  inferior vena cava

  aorta

  pulmonary trunk

  pulmonary veins

  arteries
• superior vena cava function?

  collect deoxygenated blood from top part of body to the heart
• inferior vena cava function?

  return deoxygenated blood from lower part of body to the heart