6.4.1 Synthetic routes

• What are synthetic routes in organic chemistry?

  Series of chemical reactions
• Synthetic routes can be classified into two main types
• What is linear synthesis in synthetic routes?

  Step-by-step reaction sequence
• The choice of synthetic route depends on factors like efficiency, cost, and availability of starting materials


  True
• Arrange the common steps in a synthetic route in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Identify the target molecule

  2️⃣ Select starting materials

  3️⃣ Design the reaction sequence

  4️⃣ Carry out the reactions

  5️⃣ Purify the product

  6️⃣ Characterize the product
• What techniques are used to characterize the synthesized product in a synthetic route?

  NMR spectroscopy or mass spectrometry
• Why is targeted production a benefit of synthetic routes?

  Meets specific compound demand
• In a linear synthesis, each reaction builds upon the previous
• Why are synthetic routes crucial in organic chemistry?

  Targeted production
• Arrange the common steps in a synthetic route in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Identify the target molecule

  2️⃣ Select starting materials

  3️⃣ Design the reaction sequence

  4️⃣ Carry out the reactions

  5️⃣ Purify the product

  6️⃣ Characterize the product
• Synthetic routes allow chemists to produce compounds not available from natural sources

  True
• What is convergent synthesis in synthetic routes?

  Combining smaller fragments
• Match the benefit of synthetic routes with its description:

  Targeted Production ↔️ Manufacture specific compounds

  Property Enhancement ↔️ Improve properties of compounds

  Cost Efficiency ↔️ Reduce production costs

  Sustainability ↔️ Minimize environmental impact
• Purification of the product often uses techniques like distillation or chromatography


  True
• Synthetic routes involve two main types: linear and convergent
• What is the definition of synthetic routes in organic chemistry?

  Sequences of chemical reactions
• Convergent synthesis combines smaller fragments independently.


  True
• Synthetic routes contribute to sustainability by minimizing environmental impact
• What is the purpose of purifying the product in a synthetic route?

  Isolate the desired compound
• Why is selecting appropriate reagents and reaction conditions crucial in a synthetic route?

  Success and efficiency
• Match the reagent condition with its purpose:

  Oxidizing agents ↔️ Introduce oxygen or remove hydrogen

  Reducing agents ↔️ Add hydrogen or remove oxygen

  Temperature ↔️ Affect reaction rates and equilibria

  Solvent ↔️ Influence solubility, reactivity, and selectivity
• Reaction mechanisms describe the step-by-step process of how reactants are transformed into products
• What is the first step in designing a multi-step synthetic route?

  Define the target molecule
• Synthetic routes allow chemists to produce compounds that may not be readily available from natural
• Synthetic routes refer to the series of chemical reactions
• What is linear synthesis in organic chemistry?

  Reactions build sequentially
• Synthetic routes allow targeted production of compounds not readily available from natural sources
• Synthetic routes can be more cost-effective than extracting compounds from natural sources.

  True
• Steps in a synthetic route

  1️⃣ Identify the Target Molecule

  2️⃣ Select Starting Materials

  3️⃣ Design the Reaction Sequence

  4️⃣ Carry Out the Reactions

  5️⃣ Purify the Product

  6️⃣ Characterize the Product
• Reducing agents add hydrogen or remove oxygen
• Solvents influence solubility and reactivity in synthetic routes.


  True
• Acid/base catalysts facilitate reaction mechanisms
• What are two examples of solvents commonly used in organic reactions?

  THF, Water
• Selecting the appropriate reagents and reaction conditions is crucial for the success of a synthetic route.


  True
• Match the reagent/condition with its purpose:

  Oxidizing Agents ↔️ Introduce oxygen

  Reducing Agents ↔️ Add hydrogen

  Acid/Base Catalysts ↔️ Facilitate reactions
• Knowing the reaction mechanism helps chemists improve the efficiency and selectivity
• What starting material is used to synthesize ethanoic acid in the example provided?

  Ethanol
• Match the step in solving synthetic route problems with its description:

  Identify the Target Molecule ↔️ Understand its structure

  Select Starting Materials ↔️ Choose cost-effective compounds

  Purify the Product ↔️ Use distillation or chromatography
• What reagent is used to oxidize ethanol to ethanoic acid in the example given?

  KMnO4
• NMR spectroscopy is used to characterize the purity of a synthesized compound.

  True