7.1 Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock

• The combustion of carbon-based fuels produces carbon dioxide and water.


  True
• What does high energy content mean for a fuel source?

  More energy when combusted
• Fuels that are readily available are preferred due to their availability
• Carbon compounds release significant energy when they are combusted
• What are the main products of combustion for hydrocarbon fuels?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• Fuels with lower emissions of pollutants are considered more environmentally friendly.
• What are the products of propane combustion?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• Fuels with high energy content per unit mass are more efficient.


  True
• What is the chemical formula for methane?

  CH₄
• The combustion products of methane are carbon dioxide and water.

  True
• What is the balanced combustion reaction for methane?

  CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
• Which two carbon-based fuels have the highest energy content per unit mass?

  Methane and propane
• Air pollution from burning carbon fuels includes nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

  True
• Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power helps reduce dependence on finite fossil fuel reserves
• What greenhouse gas is released when carbon-based fuels are combusted?

  Carbon dioxide
• Many carbon-based fuels are derived from finite fossil fuel reserves
• What type of carbon compounds are often used as feedstocks in the chemical industry?

  Hydrocarbons
• Carbon compounds are essential building blocks for products like plastics, pharmaceuticals, and dyes
• What is the key component of natural gas?

  Methane
• Properties of a good fuel source

  1️⃣ High energy content

  2️⃣ Ease of combustion

  3️⃣ Availability

  4️⃣ Cost-effectiveness

  5️⃣ Low environmental impact
• Match the carbon-based fuel with its description:

  Methane ↔️ Simplest hydrocarbon fuel

  Propane ↔️ Liquefied petroleum gas

  Octane ↔️ Main component of gasoline
• Propane has a higher energy content than methane.

  False
• Match the carbon-based fuel with its combustion reaction:

  Methane ↔️ CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

  Propane ↔️ C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

  Octane ↔️ 2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ → 16CO₂ + 18H₂O
• Octane has a moderate ease of combustion
• What are the combustion products of all carbon-based fuels mentioned in the text?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• The combustion of carbon fuels releases CO₂, which contributes to global warming
• Improving energy efficiency is a strategy to reduce the environmental impact of carbon fuels.


  True
• What are carbon compounds used as in the chemical industry?

  Feedstocks
• Methane is used in the production of methanol and formaldehyde
• What are methane's industrial uses?

  Methanol and formaldehyde production
• What is the chemical formula of methane?

  CH₄
• What is the primary difference between using carbon compounds as fuels versus feedstocks?

  Energy versus transformation
• What is produced from methane according to the study material?

  Methanol and formaldehyde
• Steps involved in cracking carbon-based feedstocks

  1️⃣ Breaking down larger hydrocarbons

  2️⃣ Producing alkenes and aromatics

  3️⃣ Generating ethene and benzene
• Polymerization is used to produce plastics and synthetic fibers
• Polymerization links smaller molecules to form long-chain polymers.


  True
• What is a key factor in the sustainability of using carbon compounds as feedstock?

  Renewable vs. non-renewable sources
• Environmental impacts from processing carbon-based feedstocks must be minimized for sustainability.


  True
• Circular economy principles such as recycling and reusing enhance sustainability
• The chemical industry can reduce its environmental impact by considering sustainability factors.


  True