1.3.3 Active Transport

• Does active transport require energy?

  Yes, from ATP
• Protein pumps in active transport change shape to bind and transport molecules.

  True
• ATP is hydrolysed into ADP and phosphate
• What form of energy is required for active transport?

  ATP
• Steps of the sodium-potassium pump mechanism

  1️⃣ Pump binds three sodium ions from inside the cell.

  2️⃣ ATP hydrolyses to ADP and phosphate, releasing energy.

  3️⃣ The pump changes shape, releasing Na+ outside and binding two K+.

  4️⃣ Phosphate detaches, reverting the pump to its original shape.
• Match the type of transport with its key characteristic:

  Active Transport ↔️ Requires energy from ATP

  Passive Transport ↔️ Moves with the concentration gradient
• In active transport, molecules move against their concentration gradient
• What type of proteins are involved in passive transport?

  Channel and carrier proteins
• What is active transport in cells?

  Movement against concentration gradient
• ATP hydrolysis releases energy for protein pumps in active transport.

  True
• ATP provides energy for active transport, such as the sodium-potassium pump
• The sodium-potassium pump is essential for nerve signal transmission.


  True
• Describe the role of ATP in active transport in the correct order:

  1️⃣ ATP binds to the protein pump.

  2️⃣ ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and phosphate, releasing energy.

  3️⃣ The protein pump changes shape to move molecules across the membrane.
• ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and phosphate
• The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP hydrolysis to maintain ion gradients.


  True
• Steps in the sodium-potassium pump mechanism

  1️⃣ Pump binds 3 Na+ from inside the cell

  2️⃣ ATP hydrolyzes to ADP and phosphate

  3️⃣ Pump releases Na+ outside and binds 2 K+

  4️⃣ Phosphate detaches, releasing K+ inside
• What are three vital functions of the sodium-potassium pump?

  Nerve signal transmission, muscle contraction, maintaining cell volume
• What type of proteins are involved in passive transport?

  Channel and carrier proteins
• Passive transport moves molecules from low to high concentration.

  False
• What does the calcium pump help regulate in cells?

  Calcium levels
• Cells use ATP-powered protein pumps to transport glucose against its concentration gradient
• Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient
• What is ATP used for in active transport?

  Moves molecules against gradient
• Steps in the process of ATP's role in active transport

  1️⃣ ATP Binding

  2️⃣ Hydrolysis

  3️⃣ Protein Pump Activation

  4️⃣ Ion Release
• What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

  Maintains ion concentration gradients
• In the sodium-potassium pump, Na+ ions move from inside to outside
• Active transport uses protein pumps to move molecules across the membrane.


  True
• Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP
• What ions does the sodium-potassium pump transport across the cell membrane?

  Na+ and K+
• What gradients does the proton pump create across the cell membrane?

  pH gradients