7.3.2 Speciation

• Speciation can occur in two primary ways: allopatric and sympatric
• What are some factors that can lead to sympatric speciation without geographic isolation?

  Genetic mutations, behavioral changes
• Why does geographic isolation lead to allopatric speciation?

  Prevents gene flow
• Sympatric speciation requires physical separation of populations.

  False
• The Galapagos finches are an example of allopatric speciation caused by geographic isolation
• What is ecological isolation, and how does it reduce interbreeding between species?

  Species occupy different habitats
• Behavioral isolation occurs when populations develop unique courtship rituals or mating signals
• Reproductive isolation can involve pre-zygotic barriers like incompatible reproductive organs.


  True
• What type of speciation occurs when populations are geographically separated?

  Allopatric speciation
• Steps leading to allopatric speciation

  1️⃣ Populations become geographically isolated

  2️⃣ Gene flow is prevented

  3️⃣ Populations evolve independently

  4️⃣ Reproductive isolation arises

  5️⃣ New species form
• What prevents gene flow in allopatric speciation?

  Geographic isolation
• Geographic isolation can lead to allopatric speciation
• Geographic isolation prevents gene flow between populations.

  True
• What are the two main mechanisms through which genetic divergence occurs?

  Allopatric and sympatric speciation
• Allopatric speciation requires geographic isolation


  True
• Genetic divergence is a key factor in determining whether populations become separate species


  True
• What is a classic example of allopatric speciation?

  Galapagos finches
• Apple maggots are an example of sympatric speciation
• Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation
• What is a key example of sympatric speciation?

  Apple maggots
• What is the process by which new species arise from existing populations called?

  Speciation
• Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically separated, preventing gene flow.


  True
• Match the type of speciation with its key characteristic:

  Allopatric ↔️ Geographic isolation

  Sympatric ↔️ No geographic isolation
• Sympatric speciation can arise from genetic mutations, ecological specialization, or behavioral changes
• What is geographic isolation, and how does it contribute to speciation?

  Physical barriers prevent gene flow
• Behavioral isolation occurs when populations develop unique courtship rituals that prevent interbreeding.


  True
• What is a classic example of speciation due to varying food sources on different islands?

  Galapagos finches
• What type of isolation arises when species occupy different habitats within the same geographic area?

  Ecological isolation
• Speciation is the process by which new species arise from existing populations.
• Sympatric speciation can occur within the same geographic area without physical separation.


  True
• Match the type of speciation with its primary characteristic:

  Allopatric speciation ↔️ Geographic isolation

  Sympatric speciation ↔️ No geographic isolation
• Sympatric speciation can result from ecological specialization or behavioral changes within the same area.

  True
• What is a classic example of geographic isolation leading to speciation?

  Galapagos finches
• Genetic divergence can lead to reproductive isolation
• Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically isolated
• Sympatric speciation can occur without geographic isolation
• Match the type of speciation with its example:

  Allopatric ↔️ Galapagos finches

  Sympatric ↔️ Apple maggots
• Sympatric speciation can result from ecological specialization


  True
• What is the primary cause of allopatric speciation?

  Physical separation
• Galapagos finches evolved due to allopatric speciation


  True