1.2.3 Stem Cells

• Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of an embryo
• Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into almost all cell types.


  True
• Self-renewal allows stem cells to maintain their undifferentiated state
• Match the type of stem cell with its property:

  Embryonic stem cells ↔️ Pluripotent

  Adult stem cells ↔️ Multipotent
• Adult stem cells are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate into all cell types in the body.

  False
• Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of an embryo.
• Match the stem cell type with its potency:

  Embryonic stem cells ↔️ Pluripotent

  Adult stem cells ↔️ Multipotent
• Stem cells differentiate into specialized cell types, which is crucial for tissue regeneration.
• Why do adult stem cells have limited differentiation capacity?

  Multipotent nature
• Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate.
• Embryonic stem cells are multipotent.

  False
• Stem cells can maintain their undifferentiated state through the property of self-renewal
• What are the two main types of stem cells?

  Embryonic and adult stem cells
• Adult stem cells are more commonly used in therapeutic applications due to ethical concerns about embryonic stem cells.

  True
• Stem cell differentiation is the process by which undifferentiated cells develop into specialized cell types
• Internal signals in stem cells involve genetic factors that control gene expression.


  True
• Match the regulator with its mechanism in stem cell differentiation:

  Internal Signals ↔️ Genetic control

  External Signals ↔️ Biochemical signals
• Embryonic stem cells are used in disease modeling to study the development and progression of diseases
• What is one therapeutic application of adult stem cells mentioned in the study material?

  Bone marrow transplants
• Order the ethical considerations for embryonic and adult stem cells:

  1️⃣ Embryonic stem cells are derived from human embryos.

  2️⃣ Adult stem cells are obtained from adult tissues.

  3️⃣ Embryonic stem cells raise ethical concerns about destroying potential human life.

  4️⃣ Adult stem cells have fewer ethical concerns.

  5️⃣ Stem cell research is subject to strict guidelines.
• The ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells have led to a greater focus on the use of adult stem cells
• What are stem cells defined as?

  Undifferentiated cells
• Where are adult stem cells found in the body?

  Various tissues
• What is a common therapeutic use of adult stem cells?

  Bone marrow transplants
• What is the role of stem cell differentiation in the body?

  Tissue regeneration
• Steps involved in stem cell differentiation

  1️⃣ Stem cells divide

  2️⃣ They receive signals

  3️⃣ They differentiate

  4️⃣ They become specialized cells
• What is the source of embryonic stem cells?

  Inner cell mass
• Adult stem cells are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate into almost all cell types.

  False
• What does self-renewal allow stem cells to do?

  Maintain undifferentiated state
• Factors influencing stem cell differentiation:

  1️⃣ Internal signals (genetic factors)

  2️⃣ External signals (growth factors)

  3️⃣ Cell-cell interactions
• Adult stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body.

  False
• Where are adult stem cells found in the body?

  Various tissues
• What are the two key properties of stem cells?

  Self-renewal and differentiation
• Stem cell differentiation is essential for tissue regeneration and development.

  True
• Embryonic stem cells are considered pluripotent because they can differentiate into almost all cell types
• Match the stem cell type with its differentiation potential:

  Embryonic Stem Cells ↔️ Pluripotent

  Adult Stem Cells ↔️ Multipotent
• What are the two types of signals that regulate stem cell differentiation?

  Internal and external signals
• External signals such as growth factors can trigger specific signaling pathways
• Why do stem cells have significant therapeutic potential in medicine?

  Self-renewal and differentiation
• Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, allowing them to differentiate into almost all cell types.


  True