5.3.2 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What is blood glucose concentration?

  Amount of glucose in blood
• Which hormone is released when blood glucose levels are high?

  Insulin
• Insulin triggers the insertion of glucose transport proteins into the cell membrane
• When blood glucose is high, which hormone is released by the pancreas?

  Insulin
• Glucagon stimulates the liver to perform glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
• What is the cause of Type 1 Diabetes?

  Autoimmune destruction of cells
• Type 1 Diabetes typically develops in adulthood.

  False
• What are three key symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?

  Fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing sores
• High or low blood glucose levels can lead to fatigue or dizziness.

  True
• Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen
• Insulin promotes glycogenesis, which stores energy in the liver and muscles
• Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen to release glucose.


  True
• What effect does glucagon have on blood glucose levels when they are low?

  Increases blood glucose
• Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can cause cell damage.


  True
• Which hormone is released when blood glucose levels are low?

  Glucagon
• What does insulin stimulate in the liver?

  Glycogenesis
• Insulin inhibits glycogenolysis in the liver.

  True
• Describe the negative feedback mechanism for blood glucose levels.

  1️⃣ High blood glucose triggers insulin release

  2️⃣ Insulin promotes glucose uptake and glycogenesis

  3️⃣ Blood glucose levels decrease

  4️⃣ Low blood glucose triggers glucagon release

  5️⃣ Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

  6️⃣ Blood glucose levels increase
• What are three key symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?

  Frequent urination, extreme thirst, unexplained weight loss
• In Type 2 Diabetes, cells fail to respond adequately to insulin
• What does blood glucose concentration refer to?

  Amount of glucose in blood
• What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?

  Decreases blood glucose
• What does insulin stimulate in cells to facilitate glucose entry?

  Glucose transport proteins
• What are the two main processes stimulated by glucagon in the liver to increase blood glucose levels?

  Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
• When blood glucose is high, the pancreas releases insulin
• High or low glucose can lead to fatigue, dizziness, or even unconsciousness
• What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

  Decreases blood glucose
• Glucose is stored as glycogen in the process of glycogenesis.


  True
• What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

  Increases blood glucose
• What is the primary effect of glycogenolysis?

  Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
• In Type 1 Diabetes, glucose cannot enter cells without external insulin injections
• What is the primary cause of Type 2 Diabetes?

  Insulin resistance
• Type 2 Diabetes is commonly linked to obesity and physical inactivity.

  True
• Why is maintaining stable blood glucose levels important for preventing cell damage?

  Avoids hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
• Insulin promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver.

  True
• Insulin inhibits the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.

  True
• What type of feedback mechanism regulates blood glucose levels?

  Negative feedback