5.1.1 Principles of homeostasis

• Homeostasis refers to the process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
• Negative feedback loops initiate a response that counteracts the deviation from the normal range.
• Key examples of negative feedback in the human body include regulation of body temperature and blood sugar levels.
• An example of positive feedback in the human body is the onset of childbirth contractions.
• What do positive feedback loops amplify in the internal environment?

  Change
• Match the feedback loop with its function and response:

  Positive ↔️ Amplify change ||| Increase deviation

  Negative ↔️ Maintain homeostasis ||| Counteract deviation
• A body temperature of 37°C is maintained by thermoregulation.


  True
• Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium
• Negative feedback loops initiate a response to counteract the change
• During childbirth, oxytocin release intensifies contractions
• Sweating during exercise illustrates the regulation of body temperature
• Homeostasis requires continuous adjustment to maintain stability.


  True
• What is the primary role of negative feedback loops in homeostasis?

  Return to set point
• Negative feedback loops are essential for maintaining homeostasis.


  True
• Positive feedback loops are more common in homeostasis than negative feedback loops.

  False
• Match the feedback loop with its function:

  Positive ↔️ Amplify change

  Negative ↔️ Maintain homeostasis
• Childbirth is an example of a positive feedback loop.


  True
• Homeostasis involves maintaining stable conditions within the body
• What is homeostasis defined as?

  Stable internal environment
• What is the primary role of negative feedback loops in the body?

  Maintain homeostasis
• What do positive feedback loops amplify in the internal environment?

  Changes
• What is one regulated factor in homeostasis with a set point of 4-6 mmol/L?

  Blood sugar
• Homeostasis is the process by which an organism maintains a stable state in its internal environment, despite external changes
• Dynamic equilibrium in homeostasis involves continuous adjustments to maintain stability.

  True
• Steps in a negative feedback loop

  1️⃣ Sensing a deviation from the normal range

  2️⃣ Initiating a response to counteract the change

  3️⃣ Returning the system to its original state
• How do positive feedback loops differ from negative feedback loops in homeostasis?

  Amplify changes
• What type of feedback loop maintains homeostasis by counteracting deviations?

  Negative
• Positive feedback loops drive the system further from its original state
• What is the response of negative feedback loops to deviations from the set point?

  Counteract deviation
• Steps of a negative feedback loop in homeostasis:

  1️⃣ Sensing a deviation

  2️⃣ Initiating a response

  3️⃣ Counteracting the change

  4️⃣ Returning the system to its original state
• Humans regulate body temperature around 37°C through processes like sweating and shivering.

  True
• Match the example with the negative feedback loop it illustrates:

  Sweating ↔️ Regulating body temperature

  Insulin secretion ↔️ Regulating blood sugar levels
• Positive feedback loops maintain homeostasis in the body.

  False
• List three causes of disruptions to homeostasis:

  1️⃣ Environmental factors

  2️⃣ Lifestyle choices

  3️⃣ Underlying health conditions