3.4 Mass Transport

• What is mass transport in biological terms?

  Bulk movement of substances
• Multicellular organisms require mass transport due to their high surface area to volume ratio.

  False
• Why is mass transport necessary in multicellular organisms?

  Low surface area to volume ratio
• Pulmonary circulation transports blood from the heart to the lungs
• What are the two major circulation pathways in the mammalian circulatory system?

  Pulmonary and systemic
• Pulmonary circulation transports blood from the heart to the lungs
• Match the blood vessel with its function:

  Arteries ↔️ Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

  Veins ↔️ Return deoxygenated blood to the heart

  Capillaries ↔️ Facilitate exchange of substances
• Multicellular organisms require mass transport due to a low surface area to volume
• Order the features of diffusion and mass transport based on their differences:

  1️⃣ Diffusion: Random movement of particles

  2️⃣ Diffusion: Slow for long distances

  3️⃣ Mass Transport: Bulk movement of substances

  4️⃣ Mass Transport: Fast over long distances
• What are the two major circulation pathways in the mammalian circulatory system?

  Pulmonary and systemic
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart under high pressure
• What is the function of pulmonary circulation?

  Oxygenate blood in the lungs
• What is the role of systemic circulation in the body?

  Deliver oxygenated blood to tissues
• Oxygenated blood in systemic circulation delivers oxygen and nutrients to body tissues


  True
• Veins have thinner walls and valves to prevent blood backflow
• What type of blood do arteries carry?

  Oxygenated
• Capillaries facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues
• The specialized structure of blood vessels enables the coordinated and efficient transport of blood in the mammalian circulatory system
• Match the blood vessel type with its structure:

  Arteries ↔️ Thick muscular walls with elastic fibers

  Veins ↔️ Thinner walls with valves

  Capillaries ↔️ Thin walls with a single layer of cells
• How many chambers does the human heart have?

  Four
• Steps in pulmonary circulation

  1️⃣ Blood flows from the heart

  2️⃣ Blood reaches the lungs

  3️⃣ Blood picks up oxygen

  4️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the heart
• Match the heart chamber with its function:

  Right Atrium ↔️ Receives deoxygenated blood

  Right Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to lungs

  Left Atrium ↔️ Receives oxygenated blood

  Left Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to body
• Multicellular organisms require mass transport because diffusion alone is insufficient due to a low surface area to volume
• What are the three components of the mammalian circulatory system?

  Heart, blood vessels, blood
• Match the blood vessel with its function in the mammalian circulatory system:

  Arteries ↔️ Carry oxygenated blood under high pressure

  Veins ↔️ Return deoxygenated blood under low pressure

  Capillaries ↔️ Facilitate exchange of substances
• Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing in the wrong
• The mammalian circulatory system ensures rapid and efficient mass transport of substances throughout the body.


  True
• Steps of pulmonary circulation

  1️⃣ Blood flows from the heart to the lungs

  2️⃣ Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs

  3️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the heart
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood under high pressure
• What type of blood do veins return to the heart?

  Deoxygenated blood
• Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward
• Match the heart chamber with its function:

  Right Atrium ↔️ Collects deoxygenated blood

  Right Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to lungs

  Left Atrium ↔️ Collects oxygenated blood

  Left Ventricle ↔️ Pumps blood to body
• Valves in the heart ensure unidirectional blood flow.


  True
• What is the cardiac control center located in the brain called?

  Medulla oblongata
• Adrenaline is a hormone that can increase heart rate.

  True
• The cardiac control center is located in the medulla oblongata
• Which division of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate?

  Sympathetic
• Norepinephrine slows down the heart rate.

  False
• Match the circulatory system type with its characteristic:

  Open ↔️ No separate vessels

  Closed Single ↔️ Blood circulates through gills

  Closed Double ↔️ Complete oxygen separation
• Mass transport is important for distributing essential substances like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.