7.2 Natural Selection

• What is the primary mechanism of evolution according to the study material?

  Natural selection
• Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies over generations.


  True
• Match the evolutionary mechanism with its definition:

  Natural Selection ↔️ Differential survival and reproduction

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Random changes in allele frequencies

  Gene Flow ↔️ Movement of genetic material

  Mutation ↔️ Changes in DNA sequence
• The differential survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits is called natural selection
• Genetic drift results from the movement of genetic material between populations.

  False
• Arrange the steps of natural selection in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Variation within populations

  2️⃣ Struggle for existence

  3️⃣ Differential survival and reproduction
• Individuals within a population are identical in their traits.

  False
• Why is variation within populations essential for natural selection to occur?

  It provides traits for selection
• Natural selection depends on the inheritance of traits
• What does the struggle for existence refer to in the context of natural selection?

  Competition for resources
• Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time
• Match the evolutionary mechanism with its definition:

  Natural Selection ↔️ Differential survival and reproduction due to advantageous traits

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Random changes in allele frequencies

  Gene Flow ↔️ Movement of genes between populations

  Mutation ↔️ Changes in the DNA sequence of genes
• Natural selection relies on the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring.


  True
• Genetic drift is driven by competition for limited resources within a population.

  False
• Match the evolutionary mechanism with its definition:

  Natural Selection ↔️ Differential survival and reproduction due to advantageous traits

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Random changes in allele frequencies

  Gene Flow ↔️ Transfer of genes between populations

  Mutation ↔️ Changes in the DNA sequence of genes
• Giraffes evolved long necks through natural selection because they could reach higher leaves for food.


  True
• Order the principles of natural selection based on their logical sequence:

  1️⃣ Variation within populations

  2️⃣ Inheritance of traits

  3️⃣ Struggle for existence

  4️⃣ Differential survival and reproduction
• What feeding advantage did giraffes with slightly longer necks have?

  Reaching higher leaves
• Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success
• Variation within populations is a key principle of natural selection.


  True
• What is the struggle for existence in natural selection?

  Competition for resources
• What does genetic drift refer to?

  Random changes in allele frequencies
• Natural selection results in differential survival and reproduction due to advantageous traits
• Match the evolutionary mechanism with its definition:

  Mutation ↔️ Changes in the DNA sequence of genes

  Gene Flow ↔️ Movement of genes between populations

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Random changes in allele frequencies
• The fossil record is one type of evidence for natural selection.


  True
• The fossil record provides a chronological sequence of extinct species, showing transitions over time
• Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits
• How do advantageous traits contribute to survival and reproduction in natural selection?

  Increases survival rates
• Natural selection leads to random changes in populations over time.

  False
• What happens to traits that confer an advantage in a population over time?

  They become more common
• What is the primary outcome of natural selection on a population?

  Evolution
• Variation within populations arises from genetic mutations and sexual reproduction
• What contrasts natural selection with other evolutionary mechanisms?

  Its reliance on traits
• Natural selection acts randomly on populations to drive evolution.

  False
• Match the evolutionary mechanism with its example:

  Natural Selection ↔️ Dark moths in polluted areas

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Loss of a rare allele

  Gene Flow ↔️ Cross-pollinating plants

  Mutation ↔️ A new trait emerges
• What is the primary mechanism of evolution according to the study material?

  Natural selection
• Natural selection refers to random changes in allele frequencies within a population.

  False
• One key principle of natural selection is variation within populations.
• What does the struggle for existence refer to in natural selection?

  Competition for resources
• Differential survival and reproduction occur when individuals with more advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes to the next generation.