5.4.3 Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation

• **Dialysis** is a medical procedure that filters and purifies the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so effectively.kidneys
• Match the type of dialysis with its description:

  Hemodialysis ↔️ Blood is filtered by a machine

  Peritoneal dialysis ↔️ A sterile solution filters blood through the peritoneal membrane
• Steps of peritoneal dialysis:

  1️⃣ A sterile solution is infused into the abdominal cavity

  2️⃣ The solution collects waste products from the blood

  3️⃣ The solution is drained from the body
• The dialysis membrane in a dialysis machine is semi-permeable.


  True
• Steps of the dialysis process:

  1️⃣ Blood is pumped through a dialysis membrane

  2️⃣ Dialysate fluid flows on the other side of the membrane

  3️⃣ Waste products diffuse into the dialysate

  4️⃣ Filtered blood is returned to the body
• In hemodialysis, blood is filtered by passing it through a dialysis machine.
• A kidney transplant restores normal kidney function, while dialysis only filters the blood.


  True
• Why do kidney transplant recipients need lifelong immunosuppressant medication?

  To prevent rejection
• What are two advantages of dialysis?

  Readily available, can be lifesaving
• What are two disadvantages of dialysis?

  Time-consuming, risk of infection
• Steps in hemodialysis

  1️⃣ Blood is drawn from the body

  2️⃣ Blood is filtered through a dialysis machine

  3️⃣ Filtered blood is returned to the body
• Hemodialysis is typically done 3 times per week.

  True
• The patient's blood is pumped through a dialysis membrane
• What is the process by which waste products move through the dialysis membrane?

  Diffusion and osmosis
• What are two advantages of hemodialysis?

  Effective filtration, less patient responsibility
• What is the primary goal of dialysis?

  Filters and purifies the blood
• Kidney transplantation requires lifelong immunosuppressant medication.

  True
• What is one advantage of dialysis?

  Can be lifesaving
• Dialysis requires significant time commitment for frequent treatments
• Kidney transplantation requires lifelong immunosuppressant medication to prevent rejection.


  True
• What health condition may make dialysis a more suitable option than transplantation?

  Poor overall health
• The availability of donor kidneys is a significant factor in deciding if transplantation is viable.


  True
• What is one activity in the pre-transplant phase of kidney transplantation?

  Matching donor and recipient
• The pre-transplant phase focuses on preparing the patient and finding a suitable donor kidney.

  True
• There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.


  True
• Hemodialysis is typically done in a hospital or dialysis clinic
• What are the two main types of dialysis used to maintain the body's fluid and chemical balance?

  Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
• The blood flows on one side of the dialysis membrane, while a dialysate fluid flows on the other side.
• What are the forces that draw waste products and excess water through the dialysis membrane?

  Diffusion and osmosis
• What is the role of the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis?

  Acts as a filter
• A major disadvantage of kidney transplantation is the risk of rejection.
• Match the procedure with its advantage:

  Dialysis ↔️ Readily available treatment

  Kidney transplantation ↔️ Better quality of life
• What is the procedure for dialysis?

  Filters the blood using a machine
• Dialysis requires major surgery.

  False
• How does dialysis impact the patient's lifestyle?

  Significant time commitment, dietary restrictions
• What is hemodialysis?

  Blood is filtered externally
• What is peritoneal dialysis?

  Sterile fluid filters waste in the abdomen
• Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home.

  True
• What is the purpose of the dialysate fluid?

  Lower concentration of waste
• Steps in the dialysis process

  1️⃣ Blood is pumped through a dialysis membrane

  2️⃣ Dialysate fluid flows on the other side

  3️⃣ Waste products diffuse into the dialysate

  4️⃣ Filtered blood is returned to the body