5.1 Gulf War 1990–1991

• The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait was widely condemned as an act of aggression
• What did the UN Security Council resolutions demand from Iraq?

  Withdrawal from Kuwait
• The Rumaila oil field was a source of territorial dispute between Iraq and Kuwait.


  True
• Match the UN Security Council resolution with its description:

  Resolution 660 ↔️ Condemned Iraqi invasion

  Resolution 661 ↔️ Imposed economic sanctions

  Resolution 678 ↔️ Authorized military force
• The international community responded to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait by passing resolutions in the UN Security Council
• Resolution 678 authorized member states to use "all necessary means" to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait.

  True
• Sequence the factors that triggered the Gulf War in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait

  2️⃣ US-Iraqi Tensions

  3️⃣ UN Security Council Resolutions

  4️⃣ Formation of a US-led Coalition
• Relations between Iraq and the US had been strained since the Iran-Iraq War.


  True
• Iraq's invasion of Kuwait was widely condemned by the international community as an act of aggression.


  True
• Resolution 661 imposed comprehensive economic sanctions
• What was the first phase of the coalition's military strategy in the Gulf War?

  Air campaign
• The coalition's military strategy in the Gulf War led to the liberation of Kuwait within 100 hours of the ground offensive.


  True
• Kuwait focused on rebuilding infrastructure and restoring oil production
• What was one long-term impact of the Gulf War on Iraq?

  Prolonged instability
• What country did Iraq invade in August 1990?

  Kuwait
• Relations between Iraq and the US were strained before the Gulf War due to the Iran-Iraq War.


  True
• Steps leading to the Gulf War military intervention

  1️⃣ Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

  2️⃣ UN Security Council resolutions

  3️⃣ Formation of US-led coalition

  4️⃣ Operation Desert Storm
• What were the economic disputes between Iraq and Kuwait over oil production related to?

  Pricing
• The US-led coalition to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait was authorized by UN Security Council resolutions
• Resolution 660 condemned the Iraqi invasion and demanded immediate and unconditional withdrawal
• What was the name of the US-led military operation to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait?

  Operation Desert Storm
• In August 1990, Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait due to economic and territorial disputes
• What were the primary reasons Iraq cited for invading Kuwait?

  Economic and territorial disputes
• What did Resolution 660 demand from Iraq?

  Immediate withdrawal
• The US-led coalition's military strategy in the Gulf War involved a two-phase approach.


  True
• Which battle saw Iraqi forces attempt to retake the Saudi town of Khafji?

  Battle of Khafji
• Match the Gulf War battle with its description:

  Operation Desert Storm ↔️ Massive air campaign and ground offensive

  Battle of Khafji ↔️ Iraqi attempt to retake a Saudi town

  Battle of Medina Ridge ↔️ Major tank battle against the Republican Guard
• Iraq received substantial financial and technical assistance from international allies after the Gulf War.

  False
• The legacy of the Gulf War highlighted the complexities of post-conflict reconstruction