6.2 Replication

• What is DNA replication?

  DNA duplication creating identical copies
• The semi-conservative model ensures genetic information is conserved across generations
• What is the role of the origin of replication in DNA replication?

  Starting point for replication
• Prokaryotic DNA replication occurs in a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotic replication involves multiple linear chromosomes.


  True
• During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds and separates into two single strands
• Which enzyme adds new nucleotides to the DNA templates during replication?

  DNA polymerase
• Why is DNA replication important during cell division?

  Ensures genetic information is complete
• Match the replication model with its description:

  Semi-conservative ↔️ Each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand

  Conservative ↔️ One new DNA molecule has two original strands and the other has two new strands

  Dispersive ↔️ Each new DNA molecule has mixed old and new segments
• In the conservative model of replication, one new DNA molecule has two original strands, while the other has two new
• Describe the stages of DNA replication, focusing on initiation, elongation, and termination.

  1️⃣ Initiation: DNA double helix unwinds at replication origins

  2️⃣ Elongation: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end

  3️⃣ Termination: Replication ends, and DNA ligase joins fragments
• The DNA double helix unwinds at specific locations called replication origins
• RNA primers provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.


  True
• DNA replication continues until the entire DNA molecule has been replicated
• Match the enzyme with its function:

  Helicase ↔️ Unwinds the DNA double helix

  Primase ↔️ Synthesizes RNA primers

  DNA Polymerase III ↔️ Adds new nucleotides

  DNA Ligase ↔️ Joins Okazaki fragments
• DNA replication creates two identical copies of the DNA
• In semi-conservative replication, each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand.


  True
• DNA Polymerase III adds new nucleotides to the 3' end
• The semi-conservative model of DNA replication ensures genetic information is faithfully replicated.

  True
• DNA Polymerase III adds nucleotides to the 3'
• The concerted action of enzymes is essential for accurate DNA replication.


  True
• Where does DNA replication begin in the initiation step?

  Replication origins
• DNA replication terminates when replication forks meet.


  True
• What is the role of the origin of replication in DNA replication?

  Initiation point
• The leading strand is replicated continuously from a single primer.


  True
• Eukaryotic DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.


  True
• The semi-conservative model of replication results in one original and one new DNA strand in each new molecule.

  True
• Describe the stages of DNA replication in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Initiation: DNA double helix unwinds and separates

  2️⃣ Elongation: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to create new strands

  3️⃣ Termination: Replication ends, resulting in two identical DNA molecules
• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments
• What are the key steps in DNA replication?

  Unwinding, template, synthesis, identity
• Each single strand of DNA serves as a template for a new complementary strand.

  True
• The new DNA molecules created during replication are identical to the original
• In semi-conservative replication, each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.


  True
• How does semi-conservative replication ensure genetic information is passed on accurately?

  One original strand guides new strand creation
• What type of strands are present in the dispersive model of replication?

  Mixed old and new segments
• What is the purpose of DNA replication?

  Duplicate DNA
• Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during initiation?

  Helicase
• Which enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during elongation?

  DNA Polymerase III
• Steps of DNA replication in order

  1️⃣ Initiation

  2️⃣ Elongation

  3️⃣ Termination
• What is the role of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

  Joins Okazaki fragments
• Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

  Helicase