What makes hydrogen bonding a special type of dipole-dipole interaction?
Hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms
Intermolecular forces affect physical properties such as boiling and melting points.
Which molecule is a classic example of hydrogen bonding?
Water (H₂O)
Arrange the three main types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength.
1️⃣ London Dispersion Forces
2️⃣ Dipole-Dipole Interactions
3️⃣ Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonding occurs only when hydrogen is bonded to oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen.
True
London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces and arise from temporary fluctuations in electron density.
Match the physical property with its effect of intermolecular forces.
Boiling Point ↔️ Stronger forces, higher boiling point
Melting Point ↔️ Stronger forces, higher melting point
Solubility ↔️ "Like dissolves like"
What is the primary characteristic of dipole-dipole interactions?
Permanent dipole
London dispersion forces occur in all molecules due to temporary fluctuations in electron density.
True
The strength of London dispersion forces increases with molecular size.
True
Hydrogen bonding is a strong dipole-dipole interaction between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms like fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
True
How does hydrogen bonding in water affect its boiling point compared to methane?
Increases the boiling point
Dipole-dipole interactions are moderately strong compared to London dispersion forces.
Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points.
True
The weak London dispersion forces in waxes and oils allow them to remain liquids or solids at room temperature.
Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules with a permanent dipole.
London dispersion forces are caused by temporary fluctuations in electron density.
True
What is an example of a molecule that exhibits dipole-dipole interactions?
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
Arrange the three main types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength.
1️⃣ London dispersion forces
2️⃣ Dipole-dipole interactions
3️⃣ Hydrogen bonding
The strongest type of intermolecular force is hydrogen bonding.
Which type of intermolecular force occurs between polar molecules with a permanent dipole?
Dipole-dipole
The boiling point of water is higher than methane because of hydrogen bonding.
True
Intermolecular forces dictate the energy needed to change phases of a substance.
True
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms such as oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen.
Arrange the types of intermolecular forces by their strength, from weakest to strongest, with an example for each.
1️⃣ London Dispersion Forces (Methane)
2️⃣ Dipole-Dipole Interactions (HCl)
3️⃣ Hydrogen Bonding (Water)
What type of intermolecular force occurs between polar molecules with a permanent dipole?
Dipole-dipole interactions
Temporary dipoles that form between all molecules due to fluctuations in electron density result in London dispersion forces.
Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force.
True
What causes London dispersion forces to increase in strength?
Molecular size
What is responsible for water's unusually high boiling point of 100°C?
Hydrogen bonding
Larger hydrocarbons have higher boiling points due to stronger London dispersion forces.