C7.1.2 PAG2: Identifying Ions

• Hydrogen ions (H⁺) have a charge of +1.

  True
• What are anions?

  Negatively charged ions
• Chloride ions (Cl⁻) have a charge of -1.

  True
• How are positive ions formed?

  Atoms lose electrons
• Sodium ions (Na⁺) have a charge of +1.


  True
• Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) have a charge of +2
• Which common cations have a charge of +2?

  Calcium and Copper
• Bromide ions (Br⁻) have a negative charge of -1.


  True
• What are solubility rules used for?

  Predicting compound solubility
• Halides are soluble except with Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, and Hg²⁺
• What are cations?

  Positively charged ions
• Cations are attracted to the negative electrode during electrolysis
• Match the cation with its correct symbol:

  Hydrogen ↔️ H⁺

  Sodium ↔️ Na⁺

  Potassium ↔️ K⁺

  Calcium ↔️ Ca²⁺

  Copper ↔️ Cu²⁺
• Anions are attracted to the positive electrode during electrolysis
• Match the anion with its correct symbol:

  Chloride ↔️ Cl⁻

  Bromide ↔️ Br⁻

  Iodide ↔️ I⁻

  Sulfate ↔️ SO₄²⁻

  Carbonate ↔️ CO₃²⁻
• Hydrogen ions (H⁺) have a charge of +1
• Arrange the following ions based on their increasing positive charge:

  1️⃣ H⁺

  2️⃣ Na⁺

  3️⃣ K⁺

  4️⃣ Ca²⁺

  5️⃣ Cu²⁺
• Bromide ions (Br⁻) have a charge of -1.


  True
• Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons
• Match the anion with its correct symbol and charge:

  Chloride ↔️ Cl⁻ (-1)

  Bromide ↔️ Br⁻ (-1)

  Iodide ↔️ I⁻ (-1)

  Sulfate ↔️ SO₄²⁻ (-2)

  Carbonate ↔️ CO₃²⁻ (-2)
• Alkali metal salts are always soluble in water.


  True
• Match the solubility rule with its correct exception:

  Halides ↔️ Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺

  Sulfates ↔️ Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺
• Cations are positively charged ions formed when atoms lose electrons.


  True
• What is the charge of a Hydrogen ion (H⁺)?

  +1
• How are anions formed?

  Atoms gain electrons
• Cations carry a positive charge corresponding to the number of electrons lost
• Anions carry a negative charge equivalent to the number of electrons gained
• All nitrates are soluble
• A compound is soluble if it dissolves and insoluble
• Steps in conducting a precipitation test:

  1️⃣ Add a reagent

  2️⃣ Observe the reaction

  3️⃣ Identify the ions
• Match the metal ion with its flame color:

  Sodium ↔️ Yellow

  Potassium ↔️ Lilac

  Calcium ↔️ Orange-red

  Copper ↔️ Blue-green

  Barium ↔️ Apple-green
• Flame tests rely on electron transitions within metal atoms when heated.


  True
• When a metal salt is heated in a flame, it emits light at specific wavelengths
• To identify the metal ion in a flame test, you compare the flame color to a table
• What are ion identification keys and flow charts used for?

  Identify unknown ions
• Cations are formed when atoms lose electrons
• Match each cation with its symbol and charge:

  Hydrogen ↔️ H⁺

  Sodium ↔️ Na⁺

  Potassium ↔️ K⁺

  Calcium ↔️ Ca²⁺

  Copper ↔️ Cu²⁺
• During electrolysis, cations are attracted to the cathode
• What is the charge on a sodium ion (Na⁺)?

  +1
• What is the charge on a bromide ion (Br⁻)?

  -1