5.2.1 Liver function

• The liver removes bilirubin and urea from the bloodstream as part of its excretion process.


  True
• Match the protein metabolism process with its description:

  Deamination ↔️ Removal of amino groups from amino acids

  Urea Cycle ↔️ Conversion of toxic ammonia into urea
• Insulin promotes glycogenesis in carbohydrate metabolism.


  True
• Which hormone stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver?

  Glucagon
• Via which two systems are waste products excreted from the body?

  Kidneys and digestive system
• The liver helps maintain homeostasis by regulating the body's chemical composition.

  True
• During detoxification, the liver transforms toxins into less harmful compounds that can be excreted through the kidneys or digestive system
• Where does deamination occur in the liver?

  Liver cells
• In the urea cycle, toxic ammonia is converted into less harmful urea
• Insulin promotes glycogenesis, which converts excess glucose into glycogen.

  True
• Which two hormones trigger gluconeogenesis in the liver?

  Glucagon and cortisol
• Match the process in fat metabolism with its function:

  Lipoprotein Synthesis ↔️ Facilitates lipid transport

  Cholesterol Metabolism ↔️ Regulates cholesterol levels

  Fatty Acid Breakdown ↔️ Generates energy
• The liver regulates cholesterol levels and produces bile acids
• Bile salts emulsify fats, making them easier to digest.


  True
• Bilirubin excretion begins when the liver converts hemoglobin into bilirubin
• The liver maintains a balanced chemical composition through its excretory pathways.


  True
• The liver plays a crucial role in homeostasis through its functions in excretion and detoxification
• What is the purpose of detoxification in the liver?

  To break down toxins
• The liver metabolizes toxins and drugs, transforming them into less harmful compounds that can be excreted through the kidneys or digestive system
• What happens to keto acids after deamination in protein metabolism?

  They are metabolized for energy
• Order the processes of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver based on their function:

  1️⃣ Glycogenesis

  2️⃣ Glycogenolysis

  3️⃣ Gluconeogenesis
• Gluconeogenesis synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol
• The liver metabolizes toxins and drugs, rendering them less harmful or easier to excrete
• What is the primary role of the liver in detoxification?

  Metabolize toxins and drugs
• Steps in protein metabolism in the liver

  1️⃣ Deamination: Removal of amino groups from amino acids

  2️⃣ Formation of ammonia (NH3)

  3️⃣ Urea cycle: Conversion of ammonia into urea

  4️⃣ Excretion of urea via kidneys
• What are the three primary processes in carbohydrate metabolism in the liver?

  Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
• Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis, which breaks down glycogen into glucose
• The liver's ability to regulate glucose levels is essential for maintaining homeostasis.


  True
• What does the liver convert cholesterol into for digestion?

  Bile acids
• What are the key components produced during bile production in the liver?

  Bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol
• Which two waste products are primarily handled by the liver in excretion?

  Bilirubin and urea
• Steps of the urea cycle in the liver

  1️⃣ Ammonia (NH3) is produced from protein metabolism

  2️⃣ Ammonia is converted into urea

  3️⃣ Urea is transported to the kidneys

  4️⃣ Urea is excreted in urine