2.10 Causes of Migration

• What is the definition of migration in geography?

  Movement of people
• There are two main types of factors influencing migration: push and pull
• Push factors are the negative conditions in a person's place of origin
• Political instability is a common push factor for migration.

  True
• What combination of factors drives migration?

  Push and pull
• Natural disasters are examples of environmental push factors.


  True
• What are pull factors in migration?

  Positive conditions in destination
• Internal migration refers to the movement of people between countries.

  False
• Match the push factor with its corresponding example:

  Lack of economic opportunities ↔️ Unemployment ||| Poverty

  Political instability ↔️ Conflict ||| Persecution

  Environmental degradation ↔️ Natural disasters ||| Climate change
• Order the categories of push factors based on their common examples:

  1️⃣ Economic: Lack of job opportunities

  2️⃣ Political: Political instability

  3️⃣ Environmental: Natural disasters

  4️⃣ Social: Social discrimination

  5️⃣ Other: Lack of education
• Push factors can be economic, political, environmental, or social
• Match the push factor category with its example:

  Economic ↔️ Poverty

  Political ↔️ Persecution

  Environmental ↔️ Climate change

  Social ↔️ Poor living conditions
• A stable political environment is a political pull factor
• What are the two types of migration based on location?

  Internal and international
• Climate change is an example of an environmental push factor.

  True
• Persecution is a political push factor
• Match the push factor category with an example:

  Economic ↔️ Lack of job opportunities

  Political ↔️ Political instability

  Environmental ↔️ Natural disasters

  Social ↔️ Poor living conditions
• What are pull factors in migration?

  Positive conditions in destination
• Match the pull factor category with an example:

  Economic ↔️ Higher salaries

  Political ↔️ Freedom

  Social ↔️ Better healthcare

  Environmental ↔️ Lower disaster risk
• What is an economic push factor related to job opportunities?

  Lack of jobs
• Political instability can act as a push factor in migration.


  True
• Match the environmental push factor with its pull counterpart:

  Natural disasters ↔️ Favorable climate

  Environmental degradation ↔️ Abundant natural resources
• What are some environmental push factors that can force people to leave their homes?

  Environmental degradation, natural disasters
• Environmental push and pull factors shape migration patterns as people seek to escape hazardous conditions and find more stable, resource-rich environments
• International migration involves the movement of people between countries
• Categories of key push factors in migration

  1️⃣ Economic hardships

  2️⃣ Political instability

  3️⃣ Environmental degradation

  4️⃣ Social issues
• Match the category of push factors with an example:

  Economic ↔️ Lack of job opportunities

  Political ↔️ Conflict or persecution

  Environmental ↔️ Natural disasters

  Social ↔️ Discrimination
• What are pull factors in migration?

  Positive conditions in a destination
• Freedom and human rights protections are examples of political pull factors.

  True
• Social pull factors include better healthcare and education
• Match the economic push and pull factors:

  Lack of job opportunities ↔️ Availability of jobs

  Low wages ↔️ Higher salaries

  Economic instability ↔️ Economic growth
• Social pull factors include strong family and community ties
• What is the interplay between negative social push factors and positive social pull factors a crucial driver of?

  Migration patterns
• Discrimination is an example of a social push factor in migration.


  True
• What compels people to leave their origin in search of better opportunities and quality of life?

  Social push factors
• Match the political push factors with their corresponding political pull factors:

  Political instability ↔️ Stable political environment

  Persecution ↔️ Freedom and human rights protections
• Political push and pull factors shape migration patterns as people seek democratic societies.


  True
• Match the environmental push factors with their corresponding environmental pull factors:

  Natural disasters ↔️ Favorable climate

  Environmental degradation ↔️ Abundant natural resources
• Negative environmental push factors drive people to seek more sustainable living situations.


  True
• For every primary migration flow, a counterflow is generated.


  True