2.2.5 Health Issues

• Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
• What are risk factors for disease?

  Exposures that increase likelihood
• Poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking are examples of lifestyle risk factors
• Match the pathogen type with its description:

  Viruses ↔️ Replicate inside living cells

  Bacteria ↔️ Single-celled microorganisms

  Fungi ↔️ Cause skin infections

  Parasites ↔️ Live on or inside a host
• Foot rot in cattle is an example of a health issue caused by infections
• Air and water pollution can cause environmental health issues


  True
• What causes genetic disorders?

  Gene mutations
• Diseases caused by exposure to harmful conditions are called environmental problems.
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Health ↔️ Complete physical, mental, and social well-being

  Disease ↔️ A disorder impairing normal function
• Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• Modifiable lifestyle risk factors can reduce disease chances.


  True
• Foot rot in cattle is an example of an infection caused by pathogens.


  True
• Steps of the immune response to infection:

  1️⃣ Pathogens enter the body

  2️⃣ Innate immune cells attack

  3️⃣ Adaptive immune system produces antibodies
• Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• What is the definition of disease according to this study material?

  Disorder of structure or function
• The absence of disease alone equates to complete well-being.

  False
• Modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle choices can be addressed to reduce the risk of disease
• Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside living cells
• Match the pathogen type with its example:

  Virus ↔️ Influenza virus

  Bacteria ↔️ E. coli

  Fungi ↔️ Athlete's foot fungus

  Parasite ↔️ Tapeworm
• Genetic disorders in animal systems are caused by mutations in genes
• What is the primary role of the immune system?

  Defend against pathogens
• Innate immune cells like phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
• Antibiotics are used to cure viral infections.

  False
• Smoking is strongly linked to conditions like lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke
• What are the benefits of adopting a healthy lifestyle?

  Better long-term health outcomes
• Health is a holistic state of well-being, while disease disrupts normal body functioning
• Identifying risk factors is crucial for disease prevention


  True
• What is a pathogen?

  Microorganism that causes disease
• Understanding pathogens is crucial for disease treatment


  True
• What type of health issue is cystic fibrosis?

  Genetic disorder
• Health is a holistic state of complete well-being
• Preventive measures can maintain animal health and productivity.

  True
• Health is merely the absence of disease.

  False
• Match the risk factor type with an example:

  Lifestyle ↔️ Poor diet

  Environmental ↔️ Air pollution

  Genetic ↔️ Family history
• Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease when they infect the body.
• Adaptive immunity involves the production of antibodies to neutralize specific antigens.
• Prevention strategies like vaccination reduce disease spread.

  True
• Match the concept with its key characteristic:

  Health ↔️ Positive state of overall wellness

  Disease ↔️ Negative state of illness
• A positive state of overall wellness is referred to as a condition
• Match the risk factor type with its example:

  Lifestyle ↔️ Poor diet

  Environmental ↔️ Air pollution

  Genetic ↔️ Family history