Cards (42)

    • What is the unit of measurement for water potential?
      Kilopascals
    • In which direction does water move in terms of water potential?
      High to low
    • The functional unit of the kidney responsible for water regulation is the nephron
    • Water potential is expressed in Pascals.
      False
    • Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidney's collecting duct?
      ADH
    • ADH causes the insertion of aquaporins
    • Match the hormone with its role in water balance:
      ADH ↔️ Increases water reabsorption
      Aldosterone ↔️ Increases sodium reabsorption
    • When water levels are high, ADH secretion decreases
    • Match the nephron section with its function:
      Glomerulus ↔️ Filters blood plasma
      Proximal Tubule ↔️ Reabsorbs essential substances
      Loop of Henle ↔️ Creates a salt gradient
      Collecting Duct ↔️ Excretes excess water
    • What central role does the kidney play in the body?
      Maintaining water potential
    • What does the glomerulus filter in the kidney?
      Blood plasma
    • What gradient does the loop of Henle create for water reabsorption?
      Salt gradient
    • Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration?
      Glomerulus
    • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys.

      True
    • ADH causes cells in the collecting duct to insert aquaporin water channels
    • Adding solutes to pure water decreases its potential
    • The kidney maintains water potential by filtering blood and excreting excess water.

      True
    • Which part of the nephron filters blood plasma?
      Glomerulus
    • Adding solutes to pure water reduces its freedom
    • ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
      True
    • What is water balance in the body?
      Maintaining water levels
    • Aldosterone enhances water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption.

      True
    • What does water potential measure?
      Tendency of water to move
    • The nephron is responsible for maintaining water potential in the kidney.

      True
    • The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron
    • The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, ions, and water.
      True
    • Order the processes involved in maintaining water potential in the kidney.
      1️⃣ Filtration in the glomerulus
      2️⃣ Reabsorption in the tubules
      3️⃣ Excretion in the collecting duct
    • Reabsorption in the kidney occurs in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule
    • What triggers the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland?
      Low blood water potential
    • Steps involved in ADH-mediated water reabsorption.
      1️⃣ Hypothalamus detects low blood water potential
      2️⃣ Posterior pituitary releases ADH
      3️⃣ ADH binds to receptors on collecting duct cells
      4️⃣ Cells insert aquaporin water channels
      5️⃣ Water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream
    • What is the role of ADH in water balance?
      Increases water reabsorption
    • In negative feedback, the hypothalamus acts as both the sensor and the control center.
    • What is the effect of aldosterone on water balance?
      Water retention
    • Osmoregulation in humans is primarily controlled by the kidneys.
    • Match the osmoregulation characteristic with the organism:
      Humans ↔️ Kidneys as key organ
      Other organisms ↔️ Diverse mechanisms based on environment
    • Match the hormone with its role in water balance:
      ADH ↔️ Increases water reabsorption
      Aldosterone ↔️ Increases sodium reabsorption
    • Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, leading to water retention.
      True
    • What happens to ADH release when water levels in the body are high?
      Decreases
    • Steps in the negative feedback loop for water balance when blood water potential decreases.
      1️⃣ Hypothalamus detects low blood water potential
      2️⃣ Hypothalamus increases ADH and aldosterone secretion
      3️⃣ ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
      4️⃣ Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption
      5️⃣ Normal blood water potential is restored
    • High blood water potential reduces ADH and aldosterone secretion.
      True