6.4.2 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What is the definition of homeostasis?

  Maintaining a constant internal environment
• Maintaining a stable blood glucose level is an important aspect of homeostasis
• Which organ plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose concentration?

  Pancreas
• What effect does glucagon have on blood glucose levels?

  Raises blood glucose
• The balanced regulation of insulin and glucagon is essential for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis
• Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a constant internal environment.


  True
• Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen through a process called gluconeogenesis
• Insulin is released when blood glucose levels fall.

  False
• Insulin stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 proteins to the cell membrane
• What is the overall effect of insulin on blood glucose concentration?

  Reduces blood glucose
• Insulin stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 proteins to the cell membrane.

  True
• What is the definition of homeostasis?

  Maintaining a constant internal environment
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Homeostasis ↔️ Maintaining a constant internal environment

  Blood Glucose Concentration ↔️ The amount of glucose in the blood
• Homeostasis is crucial for an organism's survival and optimal functioning.


  True
• Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells
• The pancreas releases insulin when blood glucose levels rise.

  True
• What is the role of blood glucose concentration in homeostasis?

  Vital energy source
• What are the specialized cells in the pancreas responsible for hormone production called?

  Islets of Langerhans
• Which two hormones regulate blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin and glucagon
• Outline the steps of insulin action in lowering blood glucose levels.

  1️⃣ Insulin binds to insulin receptors

  2️⃣ GLUT4 transporters move to cell membrane

  3️⃣ Glucose uptake increases

  4️⃣ Glycogen synthesis is promoted
• What molecule does insulin promote the conversion of glucose into for storage?

  Glycogen
• Insulin binds to specific insulin receptors on the surface of target cells.receptors
• Steps in the mechanism of insulin action

  1️⃣ Insulin binds to insulin receptors

  2️⃣ GLUT4 translocation to cell membrane

  3️⃣ Glycogen synthesis in liver and muscles
• Maintaining a stable blood glucose level is essential for homeostasis.

  True
• The pancreas regulates blood glucose concentration through the production of insulin and glucagon
• Steps in blood glucose regulation by the pancreas

  1️⃣ High blood glucose triggers insulin release

  2️⃣ Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells

  3️⃣ Low blood glucose triggers glucagon release

  4️⃣ Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver
• What are the effects of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

  Raises blood glucose
• Blood glucose levels are regulated through a negative feedback loop involving insulin, glucagon, and the pancreas
• What is the term for the process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body?

  Homeostasis
• Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose levels rise?

  Insulin
• What hormone is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels fall?

  Glucagon
• What are two factors regulated by homeostasis in the body?

  Temperature and blood glucose
• What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?

  Lowers blood glucose
• Steps in the pancreas's role in blood glucose regulation

  1️⃣ Blood glucose levels rise

  2️⃣ Pancreas releases insulin

  3️⃣ Glucose moves into cells

  4️⃣ Blood glucose levels fall

  5️⃣ Pancreas releases glucagon

  6️⃣ Liver breaks down glycogen
• To what do insulin receptors bind on target cells?

  Insulin
• What storage form of glucose is promoted by insulin in the liver and muscles?

  Glycogen
• What two processes are stimulated by glucagon in the liver to raise blood glucose levels?

  Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
• Insulin reduces blood glucose concentration by facilitating glucose uptake and storage.

  True
• The negative feedback loop involving insulin and glucagon maintains homeostasis
• Hypoglycemia can lead to seizures and coma in severe cases.


  True