2.1.1 Eukaryotic cells

• Eukaryotic cells contain a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane.


  True
• Where is the DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?

  Within the nucleus
• The DNA in prokaryotic cells is circular and located in the cytoplasm
• The DNA in eukaryotic cells is linear and contained within the nucleus
• The nuclear membrane encloses and protects the nucleus.


  True
• What is the nucleus enclosed by in a eukaryotic cell?

  Nuclear membrane
• What is a eukaryotic cell?

  Complex cell type
• Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex
• Prokaryotic cells have a true nucleus.

  False
• Arrange the components of the cell membrane in order of their arrangement.

  1️⃣ Phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward

  2️⃣ Hydrophobic tails facing inward

  3️⃣ Membrane proteins embedded within the bilayer

  4️⃣ Cholesterol maintains fluidity
• What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

  Ribosome synthesis
• DNA is the genetic material that contains the cell's instructions
• The nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis.
• Cristae in the inner membrane of mitochondria increase the surface area for cellular respiration and ATP production.

  True
• What process is mitochondria primarily responsible for?

  Cellular respiration
• What type of cell has a true nucleus enclosed by a membrane?

  Eukaryotic
• What is the nucleolus the site of within the nucleus?

  Ribosome synthesis
• What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

  Powerhouses of the cell
• Circular DNA in mitochondria supports the theory that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes.

  True
• What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Rough and smooth ER
• Ribosomes consist of a small subunit and a large subunit.


  True
• Free ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins for use within the cell.
• What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Protein modification and packaging
• The Golgi apparatus acts as a central processing and distribution hub for the cell.


  True
• Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed by a membrane
• What is the basic structure of the cell membrane?

  Lipid bilayer
• Cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the cell membrane.


  True
• Membrane proteins in the cell membrane facilitate transport and communication.


  True
• Cholesterol in the cell membrane maintains its fluidity
• What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

  Encloses and protects the nucleus
• Mitochondria convert nutrients into ATP, the cell's primary energy source.


  True
• The rough ER is covered in ribosomes
• Match the ribosome type with its location and function:

  Free Ribosomes ↔️ Cytoplasm ||| Synthesize proteins for cell use

  Bound Ribosomes ↔️ Rough ER ||| Synthesize proteins for export
• The cis face of the Golgi apparatus receives materials from the ER
• The trans face of the Golgi apparatus exports modified materials to their final destination.


  True
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes
• Order the movement of materials through the Golgi apparatus from the cis face to the trans face.

  1️⃣ Materials enter the cis face from the ER

  2️⃣ Materials are modified in the medial region

  3️⃣ Modified materials are exported from the trans face
• Lysosomes maintain an acidic environment at around pH 5
• Match the vacuole structure with its description:

  Tonoplast ↔️ The membrane enclosing the vacuole

  Cell sap ↔️ Fluid inside the vacuole
• What is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast called?

  Stroma