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AP English Language and Composition
Unit 3: Reasoning and Organization
3.2 Analyzing Argument Structure
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The thesis statement can be located at the beginning, end, or is sometimes
implicit
Where are thesis statements most commonly found in argumentative essays?
Introductory or concluding paragraphs
What are supporting reasons in an argument?
Key points backing the claim
Match the type of evidence with its description:
Facts ↔️ Verifiable information
Examples ↔️ Illustrative instances
Statistics ↔️ Numerical data
Expert Opinions ↔️ Statements from qualified sources
Research showing improved academic performance after recess is an example of
supporting evidence
.
True
Match the logical fallacy with its description:
Ad Hominem ↔️ Attacking the person
Appeal to Authority ↔️ Citing unqualified expert
Bandwagon ↔️ Argue based on popularity
False Dilemma ↔️ Presenting only two options
A hasty generalization is a broad conclusion based on
limited
evidence.
True
What could serve as evidence to support the reason that "Recess improves concentration"?
Statistics showing higher test scores
What are logical fallacies considered in reasoning?
Flaws
What type of fallacy involves attacking the person making the argument rather than the argument itself?
Ad Hominem
The Bandwagon
fallacy
argues that something is true because many people believe it.
True
What fallacy involves making a broad conclusion based on limited evidence?
Hasty Generalization
What fallacy introduces an irrelevant topic to distract from the main issue?
Red Herring
Recognizing logical fallacies helps you evaluate the soundness of
arguments
Assessing counterarguments is important for evaluating the overall
strength
of an argument.
True
Match the criteria for assessing counterarguments with its description:
Relevance ↔️ How directly it addresses the main claim
Strength ↔️ How compelling and supported it is
Validity ↔️ Whether it avoids logical fallacies
Ignoring counterarguments in an argument can make it appear
biased
.
True
What rhetorical device compares two unlike things without using "like" or "as"?
Metaphor
Match the rhetorical device with its example:
Metaphor ↔️ "The world is a stage."
Repetition ↔️ "We must, we must, we must improve our trust."
Alliteration ↔️ "The slimy slugs slithered slowly."
The thesis statement can be found in the beginning, end, or
implicitly
An implicit thesis statement is directly stated in the text.
False
Where is the claim often located in the beginning of a text?
To set the context
An implicit claim is directly stated in the text.
False
After identifying the main claim, the next step is to look for supporting
reasons
Evidence includes facts, examples, and expert opinions.
True
What are logical fallacies in arguments?
Errors in reasoning
Appeal to Authority is valid when the
expert
is qualified.
True
What is a metaphor in rhetoric?
Comparing two unlike things
What is the main purpose of a thesis statement in argumentative writing?
To summarize the argument
A thesis statement at the beginning of a text is used to set the context for the
argument
.
True
Steps to analyze an argumentative text
1️⃣ Identify the claim
2️⃣ Find supporting reasons
3️⃣ Look for evidence
4️⃣ Examine logical fallacies
Evidence is used to substantiate supporting
reasons
What is the purpose of topic sentences in argumentative essays?
Introduce supporting reasons
Transition words signal the introduction of supporting
evidence
What are logical fallacies in an argument?
Flaws in reasoning
The false dilemma fallacy presents only two options when more
exist
What is a straw man fallacy in an argument?
Misrepresenting opponent's argument
Steps to analyze logical fallacies in an argument
1️⃣ Identify the claim
2️⃣ Find the supporting reasons
3️⃣ Examine the evidence
4️⃣ Recognize any flaws in reasoning
Logical fallacies weaken an argument's validity and
credibility
What is the fallacy of citing an unqualified expert or authority to support a claim?
Appeal to Authority
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