C2.2.1 Ionic Bonding

• Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons
• Ionic bonding involves the sharing of electrons.

  False
• Match the bonding type with its mechanism:

  Ionic ↔️ Electron transfer

  Covalent ↔️ Electron sharing

  Metallic ↔️ Delocalized electrons

  Hydrogen ↔️ Dipole-dipole attraction
• Covalent bonding involves the transfer of electrons.

  False
• Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole attraction
• Metals form positive ions by losing electrons.


  True
• What are positive ions called?

  Cations
• Metals gain electrons to form anions.

  False
• What is the key distinguishing feature of ionic bonding?

  Electrostatic attraction
• The ionic bond is formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
• What type of force holds ionic compounds together?

  Electrostatic force
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

  Strong electrostatic attraction
• Match the bonding type with its bond strength:

  Ionic ↔️ Strong

  Hydrogen ↔️ Moderate
• Metal atoms have a high ionization energy

  False
• What is an example of a metallic compound?

  Copper
• Sodium (Na) loses one electron to form a sodium ion (Na⁺), which is an example of a cation.
• Which type of atoms form anions?

  Non-metal atoms
• Anions are negatively charged ions


  True
• Chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to form a chloride ion Cl⁻
• Steps in the formation of a sodium ion (Na⁺)

  1️⃣ Sodium atom loses an electron

  2️⃣ Electron is released

  3️⃣ Sodium ion (Na⁺) is formed
• Sodium (Na) loses one electron to form a sodium ion Na⁺
• What is the octet rule in ion formation?

  Full outer electron shell
• Steps in the formation of a chloride ion (Cl⁻)

  1️⃣ Chlorine atom gains an electron

  2️⃣ Electron is added

  3️⃣ Chloride ion (Cl⁻) is formed
• Ionic bonds are typically weak and easy to break.

  False
• Give an example of an ionic compound formed from sodium and chlorine.

  NaCl
• What is a major difference between ionic and covalent compounds in terms of melting and boiling points?

  High vs. low
• What is ionic bonding?

  Electron transfer between atoms
• What type of force holds ions together in ionic compounds?

  Electrostatic force
• In ionic bonding, a metal atom loses one or more electrons to a non-metal
• Give an example of an ionic compound.

  Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• Which bonding type involves delocalized electrons?

  Metallic
• What are the two ions formed in ionic bonding called?

  Cations and anions
• Ions are formed when atoms achieve a stable electron configuration, typically following the octet rule.
• What are negative ions called?

  Anions
• Steps involved in the formation of ions

  1️⃣ Metal atoms lose electrons

  2️⃣ Non-metal atoms gain electrons

  3️⃣ Cations and anions are formed
• Covalent bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between ions.

  False
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong electrostatic forces
• Ionic bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

  False
• The electrostatic attraction in ionic compounds occurs between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
• What is the process that forms an ionic bond?

  Transfer of electrons