2.3 Population Composition

• Population composition refers to the demographic characteristics of a population, such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status
• Why is understanding population composition crucial for policymakers?

  Resource allocation
• The working-age population contributes to the labor force and funds social programs.


  True
• Order the common age groups in a population by age:

  1️⃣ Young (0-14 years)

  2️⃣ Working-Age (15-64 years)

  3️⃣ Elderly (65+ years)
• The young age group is dependent and requires education and healthcare
• Match the factor influencing sex ratios with its description:

  Cultural preferences ↔️ Preference for male children

  Access to healthcare ↔️ Unequal access leads to higher mortality rates

  Mortality rates ↔️ Occupational hazards or violence
• Cultural preferences can influence sex ratios, leading to sex-selective abortions
• What is one factor that can cause differences in mortality rates between males and females?

  Occupational hazards
• What is one potential consequence of a female-biased sex ratio?

  Increased burden on women
• What does the term "population composition" refer to?

  Demographic characteristics of a population
• What does socioeconomic status highlight in population composition?

  Inequalities
• What is the formula for calculating the dependency ratio?

  (Young + Elderly) / Working-Age
• The working-age population contributes to the labor force and funds social programs
• What does the dependency ratio measure?

  Economic burden on workers
• Order the societal aspects impacted by age structure:

  1️⃣ Healthcare planning

  2️⃣ Education policies

  3️⃣ Workforce dynamics

  4️⃣ Social security systems
• The working-age group (15-64) economically supports the dependent groups.


  True
• What does the term 'sex ratio' refer to?

  Male to female proportion
• Unequal access to healthcare can increase female mortality rates.


  True
• A female-biased sex ratio can lead to potential exploitation
• What does ethnic and racial composition describe in a population?

  Distribution of groups
• Historical migration patterns influence the distribution of ethnic and racial groups
• Ethnic enclaves help preserve cultural traditions and languages.


  True
• Age structure informs dependency ratios and labor force participation.


  True
• The proportion of males and females in a population is called the sex ratio.
• What methods are used to collect data on population composition?

  Censuses, surveys
• What is the formula for calculating the dependency ratio?

  \frac{\text{Young} + \text{Elderly}}{\text{Working-Age}}</latex>
• Understanding sex ratios can reveal gender disparities within a society.


  True
• What does the term "sex ratio" refer to?

  Ratio of males to females
• Unequal access to healthcare can lead to higher mortality rates for females.


  True
• A male-biased sex ratio can lead to social unrest due to a surplus of unmarried men
• An equal sex ratio typically indicates a balanced society with equal opportunities for men and women.


  True
• The demographic characteristic of age informs dependency ratios and labor force participation
• Key demographic factors include age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status.


  True
• Age structure categorizes individuals into young, working-age, and elderly
• Age structure impacts healthcare planning, education policies, and workforce dynamics.


  True
• What is the dependency status of the young age group (0-14 years)?

  Dependent
• Understanding sex ratios is crucial for addressing gender disparities and imbalances.


  True
• The dependency ratio is calculated as the sum of the young and elderly divided by the number of working-age
• What is the dependency status of the young age group (0-14)?

  Dependent
• The elderly age group (65+) is dependent on social security