3.3.1 How Vaccines Work

• What is the immune system's primary function?

  Defends against pathogens
• What are antibodies produced by?

  B cells
• Steps in the immune response when a pathogen enters the body

  1️⃣ Pathogen enters the body

  2️⃣ Immune system recognizes antigens

  3️⃣ Antibodies specific to the antigen are produced

  4️⃣ Pathogen is neutralized
• The immune system's ability to recognize and bind to specific antigens allows it to mount an effective defense against pathogens


  True
• Antigens trigger an immune response by stimulating the production of antibodies
• Vaccines introduce antigens into the body to stimulate an immune response without causing the actual disease


  True
• How do vaccines provide long-term immunity against future infections?

  Memory cells
• Controlled exposure to antigens enables the body to develop immunity
• Steps in the process of how vaccines introduce antigens into the body and stimulate immunity.

  1️⃣ Introduction of antigens

  2️⃣ Recognition by immune system

  3️⃣ Antibody production

  4️⃣ Memory cell formation
• The immune system recognizes antigens and produces antibodies
• What happens when an antigen enters the body?

  Immune response triggered
• Antibodies mark pathogens for destruction by white blood cells.


  True
• What type of pathogens do vaccines typically contain?

  Weakened or inactive
• Memory cells enable a faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent encounters with the same pathogen.


  True
• The immune system recognizes foreign molecules called antigens
• Antibodies bind to and neutralize antigens
• What triggers the immune response when an antigen enters the body?

  Antibody production
• What is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens and foreign substances?

  Immune system
• What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

  Bind to antigens
• Steps involved in how vaccines work

  1️⃣ Introduction of antigens (weakened or inactive pathogens)

  2️⃣ Recognition by immune system

  3️⃣ Antibody production

  4️⃣ Memory cell formation
• What is the primary purpose of memory cells in the immune system?

  Long-term immunity
• Vaccines introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response without causing the actual disease.


  True
• What are antigens recognized by the immune system as?

  Foreign molecules
• Match the immune system component with its function:

  Antigens ↔️ Molecules that trigger an immune response

  Antibodies ↔️ Bind to antigens, neutralize pathogens

  White blood cells ↔️ Identify and destroy pathogens
• Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to bind to antigens
• Steps in the process of how vaccines introduce antigens and stimulate immunity.

  1️⃣ Introduction of antigens

  2️⃣ Recognition by white blood cells

  3️⃣ Antibody production by B cells

  4️⃣ Memory cell formation
• Antibodies produced by B cells bind to and neutralize vaccine antigens
• How do vaccines provide long-term immunity?

  Producing antibodies and memory cells