6.2.1 Structure of Neurons

• A neuron transmits information via electrical and chemical signals
• Match the type of neuron with its function:

  Sensory ↔️ Receives sensory information

  Motor ↔️ Transmits signals to muscles

  Relay (interneurons) ↔️ Connects sensory and motor neurons
• The myelin sheath is a layer of fatty tissue that insulates the axon
• The myelin sheath speeds up signal transmission in neurons.


  True
• What is the primary function of the cell body (soma) in a neuron?

  Metabolic functions
• The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus and essential organelles
• Match the neuron component with its function:

  Dendrites ↔️ Receive incoming signals

  Cell body (soma) ↔️ Maintains neuron health
• Match the type of neuron with its function:

  Sensory neuron ↔️ Receives sensory information

  Motor neuron ↔️ Transmits signals to muscles

  Relay (interneuron) ↔️ Connects sensory and motor neurons
• The cell body (soma) integrates incoming signals from the dendrites
• The axon transmits electrical signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands
• Match the aspect of the myelin sheath with its detail:

  Composition ↔️ Schwann cells (PNS), oligodendrocytes (CNS)

  Function ↔️ Speeds up signal transmission

  Mechanism ↔️ Saltatory conduction
• The myelin sheath insulates the axon
• Saltatory conduction occurs at the Nodes of Ranvier.
• The myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is formed by Schwann cells.
• Steps in saltatory conduction

  1️⃣ Electrical signal reaches a Node of Ranvier

  2️⃣ Ion exchange occurs at the node

  3️⃣ Signal jumps to the next node

  4️⃣ Process repeats along the axon
• Axon terminals contain synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and mitochondria.

  True
• Glia are essential for the health and function of neurons.
• A neuron is also known as a nerve cell.
• Sensory neurons have long dendrites and short axons.
• Order the flow of information in a neuron

  1️⃣ Signals received by dendrites

  2️⃣ Signals processed in the soma

  3️⃣ Signals transmitted along the axon

  4️⃣ Signals released at axon terminals
• Dendrites are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons.


  True
• The cell body of a neuron maintains its metabolic functions and integrates incoming signals from dendrites.
• The axon is typically much longer than the dendrites.
• What is the primary function of the axon?

  Transmit electrical signals
• The axon is typically much longer than the dendrites.

  True
• Match the aspect of the axon with its details:

  Structure ↔️ Long, single extension

  Function ↔️ Transmit electrical signals

  Myelin Sheath ↔️ Insulates axon, speeds transmission

  Mechanism ↔️ Saltatory conduction
• What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

  Neuron
• The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and organelles.


  True
• What is the function of the cell body in a neuron?

  Maintain cell function
• Order the following types of neurons based on their function within the nervous system:

  1️⃣ Sensory

  2️⃣ Relay (interneurons)

  3️⃣ Motor
• Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.


  True
• Dendrites transmit signals away from the cell body.

  False
• A neuron is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system
• Arrange the main components of a neuron in the order signals travel through them:

  1️⃣ Dendrites

  2️⃣ Cell body (soma)

  3️⃣ Axon
• Dendrites increase the surface area of a neuron to receive more signals.


  True
• The myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up signal transmission through saltatory conduction.


  True
• Axon terminals are also known as synaptic buttons
• The myelin sheath allows for faster nerve impulse transmission through saltatory conduction.


  True
• Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon membrane is exposed.


  True
• The primary function of the myelin sheath is to speed up signal transmission along the axon.


  True