6.2 Thermal physics

• Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
• What is the absolute zero temperature in Kelvin?

  0 K
• Arrange the three main methods of heat transfer in order of their dependence on a physical medium:

  1️⃣ Conduction

  2️⃣ Convection

  3️⃣ Radiation
• Convection involves the bulk movement of a fluid carrying thermal energy.


  True
• What is the specific heat capacity of water in J/kg·°C?

  4186
• In the heat calculation formula, \( \Delta T \) represents the change in temperature
• Match the temperature scale with its absolute zero value:

  Kelvin ↔️ 0 K

  Celsius ↔️ -273.15 °C
• What is an example of conduction in daily life?

  Heating a metal pan
• What is radiation in the context of heat transfer?

  Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves
• Radiation allows heat transfer through empty space
• Specific heat capacity measures how much heat a material can store for a given temperature change.


  True
• What does \( Q \) represent in the formula for heat transfer?

  Heat absorbed or released
• What is the specific heat capacity of aluminum?

  900 J/kg·°C
• Materials with higher specific heat capacities can store more heat energy.

  True
• Latent heat changes the temperature of a substance during a phase change.

  False
• What is the example given for latent heat of fusion?

  Melting ice into water
• What is the formula to calculate latent heat?

  Q = mL
• Latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to boil a liquid into a gas.


  True
• Match the type of latent heat with its definition:

  Latent Heat of Fusion ↔️ Energy required to melt a solid

  Latent Heat of Vaporization ↔️ Energy required to boil a liquid
• What is the formula to calculate latent heat?

  $Q =$$mL$
• How much energy is required to melt 2 kg of ice at 0°C?

  668 kJ
• Match the type of thermal expansion with its definition:

  Linear Expansion ↔️ Increase in length

  Area Expansion ↔️ Increase in surface area

  Volume Expansion ↔️ Increase in volume
• What does \(\Delta T\) represent in the thermal expansion formulas?

  Change in temperature
• The ideal gas equation is PV = nRT.
• What is the pressure of 2 moles of an ideal gas occupying 0.1 m³ at 300 K?

  49,884 Pa
• The kinetic theory of gases describes the behavior of gases in terms of the motion and interactions of their particles.

  True
• Arrange the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases in a logical order:

  1️⃣ Gases are composed of tiny particles in motion.

  2️⃣ These particles collide with each other and the container walls.

  3️⃣ All collisions are perfectly elastic.

  4️⃣ The average kinetic energy of particles depends on temperature.
• What does the kinetic theory of gases describe?

  Behavior of gases
• Gas particles are in continuous, rapid, and random motion, colliding with each other and the walls of the container
• In thermal expansion, the coefficient of thermal expansion is denoted by the symbol \(\alpha\).
• Kelvin and Celsius are two common scales for measuring temperature.


  True
• To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15
• What is the definition of conduction in heat transfer?

  Direct contact between particles
• Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that does not require a physical medium
• The formula to calculate heat absorbed or released is $Q =$$mc\Delta T$.


  True
• How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 5 kg of water by 10 °C?

  209,300 J
• To convert Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273.15
• Convection allows heat to be transferred through empty space.

  False
• In convection, heat is carried by fluid movement.


  True
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy to raise temperature