10.4 The Haber process and the use of NPK fertilizers

• What is the main product of the Haber process?

  Ammonia
• What is the balanced chemical equation for the Haber process?

  $N_{2} +$$3H_{2} \rightarrow 2NH_{3}$
• Which two elements are used as reactants in the Haber process?

  Nitrogen and hydrogen
• What is the chemical equation for the Haber process?

  $N_{2} +$$3H_{2} \rightarrow 2NH_{3}$
• The Haber process requires high temperature and high pressure to increase reaction rate.


  True
• Nitrogen in NPK fertilizers promotes leaf and stem growth.
• Potassium in NPK fertilizers regulates water balance and disease resistance in plants.


  True
• What is the balanced chemical equation for the Haber process?

  N_{2} + 3H_{2} \rightarrow 2NH_{3}</latex>
• What are the two primary raw materials used in the Haber process to produce ammonia?

  Nitrogen and hydrogen
• What is the pressure required in the Haber process to produce ammonia efficiently?

  200 atmospheres
• Why is high temperature necessary in the Haber process?

  Overcomes activation energy
• Match the macronutrient in NPK fertilizers with its role in plants:

  Nitrogen ↔️ Leaf and stem growth

  Phosphorus ↔️ Root development

  Potassium ↔️ Water balance
• Phosphorus in NPK fertilizers supports flowering and fruiting.
• Why are NPK fertilizers fundamental in modern agriculture?

  Optimal plant development
• Phosphorus in NPK fertilizers supports energy transfer within the plant.
• Order the roles of NPK macronutrients in plant development:

  1️⃣ Nitrogen: Promotes leaf and stem growth

  2️⃣ Phosphorus: Supports root development

  3️⃣ Potassium: Regulates water balance
• What is the primary role of nitrogen in plant development, as supplied by NPK fertilizers?

  Leaf and stem growth
• Which macronutrient in NPK fertilizers regulates water balance in plants?

  Potassium
• Phosphorus in NPK fertilizers is essential for strong roots in tomato plants.
• Order the macronutrients in NPK fertilizers based on their primary roles in plants:

  1️⃣ Nitrogen: Promotes leaf and stem growth

  2️⃣ Phosphorus: Supports root development

  3️⃣ Potassium: Regulates water balance
• What is one potential negative impact of over-applying NPK fertilizers?

  Waste and runoff
• Greenhouse gas emissions are associated with the production and use of NPK fertilizers.

  True
• The Haber process requires a temperature of around 450°C.
• The iron catalyst in the Haber process lowers the activation energy of the reaction.


  True
• The Haber process requires a high pressure of around 200 atmospheres.
• What is the optimal temperature for the Haber process?

  Around 450°C
• What are the three primary macronutrients provided by NPK fertilizers?

  Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
• Which nutrient in NPK fertilizers supports root development and flowering?

  Phosphorus
• Steps in the Haber process for producing ammonia

  1️⃣ Mix nitrogen and hydrogen gases

  2️⃣ Subject gases to high temperature and pressure with an iron catalyst

  3️⃣ Reactants combine to form ammonia

  4️⃣ Cool and separate ammonia

  5️⃣ Recycle unreacted gases
• The Haber process requires a high pressure of around 200 atmospheres.
• The Haber process requires a temperature of approximately 450°C.
• An iron catalyst is used in the Haber process to lower the activation energy.


  True
• What is the purpose of high pressure in the Haber process?

  Drives reaction forward
• What macronutrient in NPK fertilizers is essential for chlorophyll production?

  Nitrogen
• Potassium in NPK fertilizers helps regulate water balance and disease resistance in plants.


  True
• What role does nitrogen play in plant development, as provided in NPK fertilizers?

  Leaf and stem growth
• Which macronutrient in NPK fertilizers helps regulate overall plant vigor?

  Potassium
• NPK fertilizers provide three essential nutrients for plant growth: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.


  True
• Phosphorus in NPK fertilizers supports flowering and fruiting in plants.
• Which crop benefits most from nitrogen in NPK fertilizers for healthy leaf and stalk development?

  Corn