2.6.1 Cell cycle

• The cell cycle is essential for the growth and repair of multicellular organisms.


  True
• What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

  DNA replication
• Match the cell cycle phase with its key event:

  Interphase ↔️ DNA replication

  Mitosis ↔️ Chromosome separation

  Cytokinesis ↔️ Cell division
• Cytokinesis results in the physical division of the cell cytoplasm
• What happens to DNA during the S phase of interphase?

  DNA is replicated
• The cell cycle produces two identical daughter cells
• During interphase, the key events include DNA replication, cell enlargement, and organelle synthesis
• Arrange the sub-phases of interphase in the correct sequence:

  1️⃣ G1 Phase

  2️⃣ S Phase

  3️⃣ G2 Phase
• During prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down
• What forms around the separated chromosomes during telophase?

  Nuclear envelopes
• What type of cytoskeleton is involved in forming the cleavage furrow in animal cells?

  Actin and myosin
• Which pathway is activated in response to DNA damage to halt the cell cycle?

  p53 pathway
• The three main phases of the cell cycle are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.


  True
• What is the longest phase in the cell cycle?

  Interphase
• DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase.

  True
• What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

  Breaks down
• Sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during anaphase.

  True
• Why does cytokinesis differ in animal and plant cells?

  Presence of a cell wall
• The formation of a cell plate is necessary in plant cells due to the presence of a rigid cell wall.

  True
• The p53 pathway halts the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
• Which checkpoint monitors DNA integrity during replication?

  S checkpoint
• What does the G1/S checkpoint monitor?

  DNA integrity
• Cell division replaces damaged or worn-out cells in multicellular organisms.


  True
• What is the cell cycle?

  Series of events from one cell division to the next
• The phases of the cell cycle are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
• Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle.


  True
• Stages of mitosis in the correct sequence

  1️⃣ Prophase

  2️⃣ Metaphase

  3️⃣ Anaphase

  4️⃣ Telophase
• What is the main difference between animal and plant cell cytokinesis?

  Formation of cleavage furrow in animal cells, cell plate in plant cells
• Interphase includes three sub-phases: G1, S, and G2
• What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

  Ensure accurate duplication and distribution of genetic material
• In the G1 phase, the cell prepares for DNA replication
• The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process.


  True
• What is the primary outcome of mitosis?

  Two identical daughter nuclei
• Order the sub-phases of interphase in the correct sequence

  1️⃣ G1 Phase

  2️⃣ S Phase

  3️⃣ G2 Phase
• The G2 phase prepares the cell for mitosis.


  True
• What are the three main phases of the cell cycle?

  Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
• Match the stage of mitosis with its corresponding event:

  Prophase ↔️ Chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope breaks down

  Metaphase ↔️ Chromosomes align at the cell's equator

  Anaphase ↔️ Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

  Telophase ↔️ Nuclear envelopes reform around separated chromosomes
• Interphase is the longest phase in the cell cycle
• What happens during the S phase of interphase?

  DNA replication
• In anaphase, sister chromatids move to the same pole of the cell.

  False