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6. Organisms Respond to Changes in Their Internal and External Environments
6.1 Stimuli, both internal and external, are detected and lead to a response
6.1.1 Receptors
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Cards (46)
What is the structural composition of receptors?
Proteins or glycoproteins
Receptors can only be located on cell membranes.
False
Internal receptors are often found in the
cytoplasm
of cells.
Match the receptor type with its location and what it senses:
Baroreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels ||| Blood pressure
Chemoreceptors ↔️ Brain, blood vessels ||| Blood glucose, CO2, pH
Thermoreceptors ↔️ Hypothalamus ||| Body temperature
Which internal receptor monitors body temperature?
Thermoreceptors
Arrange the steps involved in the response triggered by thermoreceptors to maintain body temperature:
1️⃣ Thermoreceptors detect a drop in body temperature
2️⃣ The hypothalamus receives the signal
3️⃣ Shivering is triggered to generate heat
Baroreceptors sense changes in
blood pressure
.
True
Chemoreceptors are located in the blood vessels and
brain
What stimuli do mechanoreceptors detect?
Touch, pressure, movement
Match the external receptor type with its detected stimuli:
Photoreceptors ↔️ Light
Mechanoreceptors ↔️ Touch, pressure, movement
Chemoreceptors ↔️ Chemicals in the environment
Internal receptors maintain homeostasis by detecting internal
deviations
What are the two main types of receptors based on their location and the stimuli they detect?
Internal and external
Internal receptors are often located in the
cytoplasm
of cells.
cytoplasm
Internal receptors allow organisms to respond to changes in their external environment.
False
What is a key difference in the location of internal and external receptors?
Internal: cytoplasm; External: membrane
Internal receptors detect changes in the
internal environment
of the body.
internal
Internal receptors help maintain homeostasis by detecting
deviations
and initiating appropriate responses.
True
Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood glucose, CO2 levels, and
pH
.
pH
Match the external receptor type with its detected stimuli and example:
Photoreceptors ↔️ Light; Rods and cones in the retina
Mechanoreceptors ↔️ Touch, pressure, movement; Pacinian corpuscles
Chemoreceptors ↔️ Chemicals in the environment; Taste buds
How do receptors detect stimuli and initiate a cellular response?
Specific binding and conformational change
A common signal transduction pathway involves
phosphorylation
, which activates proteins by adding phosphate groups.
phosphorylation
What is the role of receptors in maintaining homeostasis?
Detecting changes and initiating responses
Receptors help maintain a stable internal environment by detecting deviations and initiating appropriate
physiological
adjustments.
True
Where are internal receptors typically located?
Within the body
Internal receptors respond to external environmental changes.
False
What type of internal receptor detects changes in blood pressure?
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood glucose, CO2 levels, and
pH
.
Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood glucose, CO2 levels, and
pH
Thermoreceptors are found in the
hypothalamus
Match the receptor type with its location and sensed stimuli:
Baroreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels, blood pressure
Chemoreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels, brain, blood glucose
Thermoreceptors ↔️ Hypothalamus, body temperature
Where are baroreceptors found in the body?
Blood vessels
Which receptors monitor body temperature?
Thermoreceptors
Thermoreceptors trigger sweating or shivering in response to
temperature
changes.
True
Photoreceptors detect light using rods and
cones
How do receptors detect stimuli at the molecular level?
Binding specific molecules
Steps of the phosphorylation signal transduction pathway:
1️⃣ Kinases add phosphate groups
2️⃣ Proteins are activated
3️⃣ Cellular response occurs
Phosphorylation is a common signal transduction pathway that
activates
proteins.
True
Receptors are located on cell membranes or within the
cytoplasm
What stimuli do internal receptors detect?
Internal changes
Match the internal receptor type with its location and response triggered:
Baroreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels; Vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Chemoreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels, brain; Changes in breathing rate, insulin release
Thermoreceptors ↔️ Hypothalamus; Sweating, shivering
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