6.1.1 Receptors

• What is the structural composition of receptors?

  Proteins or glycoproteins
• Receptors can only be located on cell membranes.

  False
• Internal receptors are often found in the cytoplasm of cells.
• Match the receptor type with its location and what it senses:

  Baroreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels ||| Blood pressure

  Chemoreceptors ↔️ Brain, blood vessels ||| Blood glucose, CO2, pH

  Thermoreceptors ↔️ Hypothalamus ||| Body temperature
• Which internal receptor monitors body temperature?

  Thermoreceptors
• Arrange the steps involved in the response triggered by thermoreceptors to maintain body temperature:

  1️⃣ Thermoreceptors detect a drop in body temperature

  2️⃣ The hypothalamus receives the signal

  3️⃣ Shivering is triggered to generate heat
• Baroreceptors sense changes in blood pressure.


  True
• Chemoreceptors are located in the blood vessels and brain
• What stimuli do mechanoreceptors detect?

  Touch, pressure, movement
• Match the external receptor type with its detected stimuli:

  Photoreceptors ↔️ Light

  Mechanoreceptors ↔️ Touch, pressure, movement

  Chemoreceptors ↔️ Chemicals in the environment
• Internal receptors maintain homeostasis by detecting internal deviations
• What are the two main types of receptors based on their location and the stimuli they detect?

  Internal and external
• Internal receptors are often located in the cytoplasm of cells.cytoplasm
• Internal receptors allow organisms to respond to changes in their external environment.

  False
• What is a key difference in the location of internal and external receptors?

  Internal: cytoplasm; External: membrane
• Internal receptors detect changes in the internal environment of the body.internal
• Internal receptors help maintain homeostasis by detecting deviations and initiating appropriate responses.


  True
• Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood glucose, CO2 levels, and pH.pH
• Match the external receptor type with its detected stimuli and example:

  Photoreceptors ↔️ Light; Rods and cones in the retina

  Mechanoreceptors ↔️ Touch, pressure, movement; Pacinian corpuscles

  Chemoreceptors ↔️ Chemicals in the environment; Taste buds
• How do receptors detect stimuli and initiate a cellular response?

  Specific binding and conformational change
• A common signal transduction pathway involves phosphorylation, which activates proteins by adding phosphate groups.phosphorylation
• What is the role of receptors in maintaining homeostasis?

  Detecting changes and initiating responses
• Receptors help maintain a stable internal environment by detecting deviations and initiating appropriate physiological adjustments.


  True
• Where are internal receptors typically located?

  Within the body
• Internal receptors respond to external environmental changes.

  False
• What type of internal receptor detects changes in blood pressure?

  Baroreceptors
• Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood glucose, CO2 levels, and pH.
• Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood glucose, CO2 levels, and pH
• Thermoreceptors are found in the hypothalamus
• Match the receptor type with its location and sensed stimuli:

  Baroreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels, blood pressure

  Chemoreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels, brain, blood glucose

  Thermoreceptors ↔️ Hypothalamus, body temperature
• Where are baroreceptors found in the body?

  Blood vessels
• Which receptors monitor body temperature?

  Thermoreceptors
• Thermoreceptors trigger sweating or shivering in response to temperature changes.


  True
• Photoreceptors detect light using rods and cones
• How do receptors detect stimuli at the molecular level?

  Binding specific molecules
• Steps of the phosphorylation signal transduction pathway:

  1️⃣ Kinases add phosphate groups

  2️⃣ Proteins are activated

  3️⃣ Cellular response occurs
• Phosphorylation is a common signal transduction pathway that activates proteins.


  True
• Receptors are located on cell membranes or within the cytoplasm
• What stimuli do internal receptors detect?

  Internal changes
• Match the internal receptor type with its location and response triggered:

  Baroreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels; Vasoconstriction/vasodilation

  Chemoreceptors ↔️ Blood vessels, brain; Changes in breathing rate, insulin release

  Thermoreceptors ↔️ Hypothalamus; Sweating, shivering