1.6.5 Discrimination in the labor market

• Gender discrimination in the labor market often results in lower wages and fewer promotions
• What is the impact of age discrimination on older workers?

  Limited opportunities and wage differences
• Bias against sexual orientation can lead to exclusion from certain industries and pay gaps.

  True
• What is the purpose of the Equality Act 2010?

  To prevent discrimination
• Match the type of discrimination with its description:

  Overt Discrimination ↔️ Intentional discriminatory behavior

  Statistical Discrimination ↔️ Decision-making based on statistical averages

  Implicit Discrimination ↔️ Unconscious biases influencing decisions

  Structural Discrimination ↔️ Discrimination embedded in policies
• Statistical discrimination involves making decisions based on statistical averages rather than individual merit.


  True
• Structural discrimination refers to discrimination embedded within organizational policies and practices
• What are the negative outcomes of discrimination in the labor market?

  Lower employment rates and pay gaps
• Order the types of discrimination in the labor market from direct and intentional to embedded in policies:

  1️⃣ Overt Discrimination

  2️⃣ Statistical Discrimination

  3️⃣ Implicit/Unconscious Discrimination

  4️⃣ Structural Discrimination
• How does prejudice contribute to discrimination in the labor market?

  Results in overt discrimination and exclusion
• What are structural barriers in the labor market?

  Organizational policies that disadvantage groups
• Order the causes of labor market discrimination from individual beliefs to organizational practices:

  1️⃣ Stereotypes

  2️⃣ Prejudice

  3️⃣ Statistical Discrimination

  4️⃣ Structural Barriers
• What are pay gaps in the labor market caused by?

  Discriminatory practices
• How does discrimination reduce overall economic productivity?

  Unfair treatment and exclusion
• Discrimination limits career advancement
• Match the strategy to combat discrimination with its description:

  Legislation ↔️ Laws that prohibit discrimination based on protected characteristics

  Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives ↔️ Policies to promote a diverse workforce and inclusive culture

  Unconscious Bias Training ↔️ Educating employers on recognizing and mitigating implicit biases
• Affirmative action aims to address historical inequalities by increasing representation of disadvantaged groups.


  True
• Discrimination in the labor market occurs when individuals with equal skills are treated differently based on protected characteristics
• The main types of discrimination in the labor market include overt, statistical, implicit/unconscious, and structural discrimination.


  True
• Statistical discrimination is based on individual merit rather than group averages.

  False
• Structural discrimination is embedded within organizational policies and practices.

  True
• Prejudice results in overt discrimination and exclusion from job opportunities.


  True
• What are three negative labor market outcomes caused by discrimination?

  Lower employment rates, pay gaps, limited career advancement
• Lower employment rates are a consequence of discrimination in the labor market.

  True
• What do discriminatory practices lead to in terms of wages?

  Pay gaps
• Strategies to combat discrimination in the labor market

  1️⃣ Legislation (e.g., Equality Act 2010)

  2️⃣ Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives

  3️⃣ Unconscious Bias Training

  4️⃣ Affirmative Action
• What is one example of a Diversity and Inclusion Initiative mentioned in the study material?

  Targeted recruitment efforts
• Affirmative action is a proactive measure to increase representation of disadvantaged groups.

  True
• What is the economic impact of discriminatory practices on pay and wages?

  Pay gaps
• What is discrimination in the labor market?

  Unequal treatment based on protected characteristics
• Discrimination based on race leads to lower employment rates and pay gaps.


  True
• Disability discrimination in the labor market often results in lower employment rates and accessibility issues
• Match the protected characteristic with its impact on the labor market:

  Gender ↔️ Lower wages, fewer promotions

  Race ↔️ Lower employment rates, pay gaps

  Age ↔️ Limited opportunities, wage differences

  Disability ↔️ Lower employment rates, accessibility issues
• Discrimination in the labor market can take the form of overt discrimination, statistical discrimination, implicit discrimination, or structural discrimination.
• What is overt discrimination?

  Intentional discriminatory behavior
• What is implicit or unconscious discrimination?

  Unintended biases influencing decisions
• Discrimination in the labor market occurs when individuals are treated differently based on protected characteristics.


  True
• Laws like the Equality Act 2010 aim to prevent discrimination and promote equal opportunities
• Stereotypes are oversimplified beliefs about a group's characteristics
• Statistical discrimination perpetuates pay gaps and limited opportunities for certain groups.


  True