3.1.3 Bacterial Diseases

• Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
• Non-communicable diseases are caused by pathogens.

  False
• Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.

  True
• Order the phases of the bacterial life cycle:

  1️⃣ Lag phase

  2️⃣ Exponential phase

  3️⃣ Stationary phase

  4️⃣ Death phase
• Bacteria reproduce sexually through binary fission.

  False
• Phases of the bacterial life cycle

  1️⃣ Lag phase

  2️⃣ Exponential phase

  3️⃣ Stationary phase

  4️⃣ Death phase
• What type of diseases can bacteria cause in humans?

  Communicable diseases
• Direct contact is a transmission route where pathogens spread through touching infected bodily fluids.


  True
• What is the key difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

  Transmission ability
• Match the type of disease with its example:

  Communicable disease ↔️ Influenza

  Non-communicable disease ↔️ Cancer
• Tetanus is caused by bacteria entering wounds and can be prevented by vaccination.

  True
• Bacteria reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission
• During the exponential phase, bacteria stop dividing due to waste accumulation.

  False
• Common symptoms of bacterial diseases include fever, cough, and abdominal pain
• Understanding transmission routes is crucial for preventing the spread of bacterial diseases
• Match the bacterial disease with its common symptoms:

  Food poisoning ↔️ Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

  Tetanus ↔️ Muscle spasms, stiffness

  Cholera ↔️ Severe watery diarrhea

  Tuberculosis ↔️ Persistent cough, fever, weight loss
• What are the effects of food poisoning on the body?

  Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
• What are the long-term effects of tuberculosis on the body?

  Lung damage, organ spread
• Steps to prevent bacterial diseases through proper hygiene and sanitation:

  1️⃣ Hand washing with soap and water

  2️⃣ Proper cooking and storing of food

  3️⃣ Ensuring access to clean drinking water

  4️⃣ Safe disposal of human and animal waste
• Hand washing is only necessary after using the bathroom.

  False
• Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
• What is the key difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

  Transmission method
• Antibiotics work through mechanisms like cell wall disruption, inhibition of protein synthesis, and interference with DNA replication
• Arrange the classes of antibiotics in alphabetical order:

  1️⃣ Cephalosporins

  2️⃣ Macrolides

  3️⃣ Penicillins

  4️⃣ Quinolones

  5️⃣ Tetracyclines
• Supportive care for bacterial infections includes hydration, pain relief, and rest
• Arrange the strategies to mitigate antibiotic resistance in order of their primary focus:

  1️⃣ Judicious use of antibiotics

  2️⃣ Patient education

  3️⃣ Infection control measures

  4️⃣ Research and development
• Supportive care directly addresses the bacterial infection causing the disease

  False
• Match the antibiotic mechanism with its example:

  Cell wall disruption ↔️ Penicillin

  Inhibition of protein synthesis ↔️ Tetracycline

  DNA replication interference ↔️ Ciprofloxacin
• Communicable diseases can be transmitted from person to person.


  True
• Non-communicable diseases are often caused by a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors
• Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission
• Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus
• What are the possible shapes of bacterial cells?

  Spherical, rod-shaped, spiral
• In the stationary phase of the bacterial life cycle, growth slows due to lack of nutrients
• Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
• Match the transmission route with its description:

  Indirect contact ↔️ Touching a contaminated surface

  Airborne ↔️ Breathing in infected droplets

  Foodborne/Waterborne ↔️ Consuming contaminated water

  Vector-borne ↔️ Transmitted by insects
• Communicable diseases can be transmitted from person to person, while non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted
• Food poisoning can be caused by bacteria such as Salmonella or E. coli
• What bacterial disease is characterized by severe diarrhea and dehydration?

  Cholera
• Stages of the bacterial life cycle

  1️⃣ Lag phase

  2️⃣ Exponential phase

  3️⃣ Stationary phase

  4️⃣ Death phase