7.5.3 Biotechnology in Food Production

• What does biotechnology use to create useful products?

  Living organisms or enzymes
• What are genetically modified crops engineered to have?

  Desirable traits
• What is one advantage of genetically modified crops in agriculture?

  Increased yield
• Match the type of biofertilizer with its description:

  Nitrogen-Fixing Biofertilizers ↔️ Convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable ammonia

  Phosphate-Solubilizing Biofertilizers ↔️ Solubilize insoluble phosphate compounds

  Plant Growth-Promoting Biofertilizers ↔️ Produce growth-promoting substances
• Biopesticides are derived from natural materials such as animals, plants, bacteria, or certain minerals
• What do microbial biopesticides contain?

  Living microorganisms
• What are biopesticides derived from?

  Natural materials
• What do microbial biopesticides contain?

  Living microorganisms
• Match the type of biopesticide with its description:

  Microbial Biopesticides ↔️ Contain living microorganisms

  Biochemical Biopesticides ↔️ Derived from natural materials

  Plant-Incorporated Protectants (PIPs) ↔️ Produce insecticidal compounds
• What role do biopesticides play in agriculture?

  Sustainable pest management
• What is biotechnology defined as?

  Use of living organisms
• Fermentation uses microorganisms like yeast to produce foods such as bread, cheese, and beer
• Match the type of biofertilizer with its benefit:

  Nitrogen-Fixing Biofertilizers ↔️ Increases nitrogen availability

  Phosphate-Solubilizing Biofertilizers ↔️ Improves phosphate uptake

  Plant Growth-Promoting Biofertilizers ↔️ Enhances root growth
• What type of bacteria is found in nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers?

  Rhizobium
• Biofertilizers have a faster impact on plant growth compared to chemical fertilizers.

  False
• Types of biopesticides in order

  1️⃣ Microbial Biopesticides

  2️⃣ Biochemical Biopesticides

  3️⃣ Plant-Incorporated Protectants (PIPs)
• Which type of pesticide has lower toxicity and is biodegradable?

  Biopesticides
• Match the fermentation microorganism with its product:

  Yeast ↔️ Bread

  Bacteria ↔️ Cheese
• Fermentation and the use of enzymes in food processing allow for more efficient, sustainable, and nutritious food production.
• Which food products benefit from enzymes to extend their shelf-life?

  Dairy and baked goods
• Single-Cell Protein (SCP) production is slower than conventional protein sources.

  False
• Genetically modified crops are engineered to have desirable traits like pest resistance, increased yield, or improved nutritional value
• Biotechnology in food production meets growing global demand sustainably.


  True
• Biotechnology in food production aims to meet the growing global demand in a more efficient, sustainable, and nutritious way.


  True
• Fermentation uses microorganisms like yeast or bacteria to produce foods and beverages such as bread, cheese, wine, and beer
• Match the application of GM crops with its description:

  Increased Yield ↔️ More food per acre of land

  Pest/Disease Resistance ↔️ Reduces the need for pesticides

  Improved Nutrition ↔️ Enhanced vitamin content
• Biofertilizers are microbial cultures that promote plant growth by enriching the soil with essential nutrients
• Match the type of biofertilizer with its benefit:

  Nitrogen-Fixing Biofertilizers ↔️ Increases nitrogen availability

  Phosphate-Solubilizing Biofertilizers ↔️ Increases phosphate uptake

  Plant Growth-Promoting Biofertilizers ↔️ Enhances stress tolerance
• Biofertilizers are more sustainable than synthetic fertilizers.

  True
• Biopesticides are derived from natural materials such as animals, plants, and bacteria.


  True
• What are biochemical biopesticides derived from?

  Natural materials
• Biopesticides have lower toxicity and are biodegradable
• Why are biopesticides less likely to cause pest resistance compared to synthetic pesticides?

  They are more specific
• What type of specificity do biopesticides exhibit?

  More targeted
• What role do biopesticides play in agriculture?

  Sustainable pest control
• Steps involved in fermentation for food production

  1️⃣ Microorganisms like yeast or bacteria are used

  2️⃣ Microorganisms convert raw materials

  3️⃣ Foods such as bread, cheese, or wine are produced
• Fermentation and enzymes in food processing contribute to more efficient and sustainable food production.

  True
• How do enzymes improve the texture of cheese and bread?

  Break down complex molecules
• Match the enzyme application with its effect in food processing:

  Texture Improvement ↔️ Better mouthfeel

  Flavor Enhancement ↔️ Improved taste

  Shelf-life Extension ↔️ Prevents spoilage
• What does Single-Cell Protein (SCP) refer to?

  Edible microbial biomass