3.1.2 Viral Diseases

• What are viral diseases caused by?

  Viruses
• Viral diseases are highly contagious and spread via various routes
• What is the typical symptom of measles?

  Red rash
• What surrounds the genetic material of a virus?

  Protein coat
• Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they require host cells to reproduce
• Match the viral component with its function:

  Genetic Material ↔️ Carries the viral genome

  Capsid ↔️ Protects the genetic material

  Envelope ↔️ Helps attach to host cells
• Viruses enter host cells either by endocytosis or membrane fusion
• What is one method of viral transmission through direct contact?

  Touching infected surfaces
• What is the severity of the common cold?

  Mild
• Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.


  True
• What are the symptoms of influenza (flu)?

  Fever, cough, sore throat
• Viral diseases always cause fever and respiratory issues.

  False
• What makes viruses highly contagious?

  Spread via various routes
• What is a common symptom of influenza?

  Body aches
• Steps in the life cycle of a virus:

  1️⃣ Attachment

  2️⃣ Entry

  3️⃣ Replication

  4️⃣ Assembly

  5️⃣ Release
• Viruses can be transmitted through airborne droplets.


  True
• How are viruses transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

  Ingesting contaminated food
• Which viral disease results in a weakened immune system?

  HIV/AIDS
• The main symptom of Influenza (Flu) is fever
• HIV/AIDS results in a weakened immune system.


  True
• The viral envelope is always present in all viruses.

  False
• What are the two methods by which a virus can enter a host cell?

  Endocytosis or membrane fusion
• Viruses can only be released from a host cell through cell lysis.

  False
• Viruses transmitted through coughing or sneezing are spread via the airborne route.
• What are two key components of innate immunity?

  Interferons, Natural Killer cells
• Antibodies neutralize viruses in the adaptive immune response.


  True
• What is the primary goal of vaccination against viral diseases?

  Long-term protection
• Supportive care for viral infections focuses on alleviating symptoms
• Why are viruses considered highly contagious?

  They spread through various routes
• Antiviral drugs reduce the severity and duration of viral infections, but must be used carefully due to potential side effects
• What are viral diseases caused by?

  Viruses
• Viruses have a simple structure with genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.


  True
• Viruses are highly contagious and spread via various routes
• What is the protein coat surrounding the genetic material of a virus called?

  Capsid
• Arrange the stages of the viral life cycle in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Attachment

  2️⃣ Entry

  3️⃣ Replication

  4️⃣ Assembly

  5️⃣ Release
• Newly synthesized viral components are assembled into complete viral particles
• Match the viral transmission method with its description:

  Airborne ↔️ Spreading through coughing or sneezing

  Direct Contact ↔️ Touching infected surfaces

  Fecal-Oral ↔️ Ingesting contaminated food or water

  Vector-Borne ↔️ Transmitted by insects
• Vaccination stimulates adaptive immunity to provide long-term protection against specific viruses.

  True
• Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, reduce viral transmission
• Antiviral drugs target specific stages of the viral life cycle to inhibit replication.


  True