2.2.5 Nucleic acids

• Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information
• RNA is a single-stranded molecule that acts as an intermediary in the process of gene expression
• Match the nucleic acid with its description:

  DNA ↔️ Double-stranded molecule

  RNA ↔️ Single-stranded molecule
• Nucleotides, the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA, consist of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate
• What type of bonding holds the two strands of DNA together?

  Hydrogen
• Base pairing in DNA and RNA is essential for the storage and transmission of genetic information.


  True
• The two DNA strands are antiparallel and complementary
• What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

  DNA and RNA
• Both DNA and RNA are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information.


  True
• The five-carbon sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA it is ribose
• DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is typically single-stranded.

  True
• The base pairs in DNA and RNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.

  True
• Which nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA?

  Thymine (T)
• DNA strands are antiparallel and complementary.


  True
• DNA stores the genetic code for long-term use.
• What is the primary role of RNA in gene expression?

  Intermediary
• Where is DNA primarily located in the cell?

  Nucleus
• DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the 3' end.
• Ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.


  True
• RNA transfers the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
• RNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

  False
• What is the primary structure of DNA?

  Double-stranded helix
• DNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil.

  False
• DNA is a single-stranded molecule.

  False
• In DNA, the base adenine pairs with thymine
• Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA?

  Guanine
• Where is DNA primarily located in a cell?

  Nucleus
• Steps of DNA replication

  1️⃣ Initiation

  2️⃣ Elongation

  3️⃣ Termination
• The lagging strand in DNA replication is synthesized in Okazaki fragments.
• Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes.
• Match the mutation type with its definition:

  Point mutation ↔️ Single nucleotide change

  Frameshift mutation ↔️ Shift in reading frame

  Insertion/Deletion ↔️ Addition or removal of nucleotides

  Repeat expansion ↔️ Increase in repeated DNA sequences
• DNA is a double-stranded molecule that stores the genetic code and instructions for the development and function of living organisms
• Nucleic acids are essential for the growth, development, and function of all living organisms.

  True
• DNA and RNA have different sugar molecules in their nucleotides.


  True
• What nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

  Thymine
• RNA typically exists as a double-stranded molecule.

  False
• Which base pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA?

  Thymine (T)
• Base pairing in DNA and RNA is crucial for the storage and transmission of genetic information.


  True
• Match the nucleic acid with its correct definition:

  DNA ↔️ Double-stranded molecule storing genetic code

  RNA ↔️ Single-stranded molecule acting as an intermediary
• What are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA?

  Nucleotides